Marked Improvement in Physical Function through Gains in Muscle Strength and Thigh Muscle Size after Heavy-Load Strength Training in Women with Established Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raastad T Kvernvik KJ
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Heavy Load

scholarly journals Correlates of Physical Functioning and Performance Across the Spectrum of Kidney Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Segura-Ortí ◽  
P. L. Gordon ◽  
J. W. Doyle ◽  
K. L. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which poor physical functioning, low participation in physical activity, and muscle atrophy observed among patients on hemodialysis are evident in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled adults in three groups: no CKD, Stages 3 to 4 CKD, and hemodialysis. Outcomes measured were physical activity, muscle size, thigh muscle strength, physical performance, and self-reported physical function. Patients with CKD had muscle area intermediate between the no CKD and hemodialysis groups, but they had low levels of physical activity that were similar to the hemodialysis group. Physical activity and muscle size were significantly associated with all outcomes. Kidney function was not significantly associated with muscle strength or physical performance after adjustment for physical activity and muscle size. In conclusion, interventions aimed to increase muscle mass and energy expenditure might have an impact on improving physical function of CKD patients.

Effect of blood‐flow restricted vs heavy‐load strength training on muscle strength: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birk Mygind Grønfeldt ◽  
Jakob Lindberg Nielsen ◽  
Rune Mygind Mieritz ◽  
Hans Lund ◽  
Per Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heavy Load

scholarly journals Comparison of whole-body vibration training, strength training and health education on physical function and neuromuscular function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangqi Lai ◽  
Seullee Lee ◽  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is among the most common osteoarthritis diseases that affect adults older than 65 years old. Impaired neuromuscular function contributes to the development and/or progression of KOA. As a new modality in strength training, whole-body vibration (WBV) training is considered in the management of KOA. However, the inconsistent results of previous studies dampened the enthusiasm for the clinical application of WBV.Methods Eligible participants with KOA were randomly allocated to WBV, strength training (ST) and health education (HE) groups. Finally, 57 participants completed the intervention and measurements. The participants in each group were encouraged to perform the WBV training, similar strength training or health education program. These supervised interventions were performed three times per week for 8 weeks. Physical function was assessed with Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 6-min Walk Distance tests. Neuromuscular function was measured with isokinetic muscle strength and proprioception. Results All variables of physical function and neuromuscular function failed to change significantly among three groups. However, compared with the baseline, the time of TUG and isokinetic muscle strength improved significantly only in WBV group. Conclusion WBV training has been recommended for strength training in elderly people and patients with musculoskeletal diseases. The 8-week WBV training under the protocol of our study was not superior to ST and HE. Hence, more clinical studies are required in the future to develop an optimal training protocol.

Measurement of thigh muscle size using tape or ultrasound is a poor indicator of thigh muscle strength

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran O'Sullivan ◽  
David Sainsbury ◽  
Richard O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Poor Indicator

scholarly journals Comparing Muscle Function of Children and Adults: Effects of Scaling for Muscle Size

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Barrett ◽  
Drew Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximal Effort

This study examined the force-velocity and power-velocity relationships of the quadriceps muscles of children and adults. Measurements of muscle function were collected using the Con-Trex isokinetic dynamometer. Twenty adults and twenty children performed maximal effort knee extensions at nine different velocities. The mean force-velocity curves of children and adults revealed obvious differences between the groups. The curves remained different following corrections of torque for CSA and velocity for length. ANOVA revealed significant differences in the uncorrected values of power between the two groups. When power values were corrected for lean thigh muscle volume, no significant differences were found between the groups. These findings suggest that differences in muscle strength between children and adults are a function of muscle size and imply that muscle function remains relatively unchanged from childhood to early adulthood.

Training-induced changes in muscle CSA, muscle strength, EMG, and rate of force development in elderly subjects after long-term unilateral disuse

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1954-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Suetta ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Anna Rosted ◽  
Ane K. Jakobsen ◽  
Benn Duus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Force Development

The ability to develop muscle force rapidly may be a very important factor to prevent a fall and to perform other tasks of daily life. However, information is still lacking on the range of training-induced neuromuscular adaptations in elderly humans recovering from a period of disuse. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of three types of training regimes after unilateral prolonged disuse and subsequent hip-replacement surgery on maximal muscle strength, rapid muscle force [rate of force development (RFD)], muscle activation, and muscle size. Thirty-six subjects (60–86 yr) were randomized to a 12-wk rehabilitation program consisting of either 1) strength training (3 times/wk for 12 wk), 2) electrical muscle stimulation (1 h/day for 12 wk), or 3) standard rehabilitation (1 h/day for 12 wk). The nonoperated side did not receive any intervention and thereby served as a within-subject control. Thirty subjects completed the trial. In the strength-training group, significant increases were observed in maximal isometric muscle strength (24%, P < 0.01), contractile RFD (26–45%, P < 0.05), and contractile impulse (27–32%, P < 0.05). No significant changes were seen in the two other training groups or in the nontrained legs of all three groups. Mean electromyogram signal amplitude of vastus lateralis was larger in the strength-training than in the standard-rehabilitation group at 5 and 12 wk ( P < 0.05). In contrast to traditional physiotherapy and electrical stimulation, strength training increased muscle mass, maximal isometric strength, RFD, and muscle activation in elderly men and women recovering from long-term muscle disuse and subsequent hip surgery. The improvement in both muscle mass and neural function is likely to have important functional implications for elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Coaches’ philosophies on the transfer of strength training to elite sports performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Burnie ◽  
Paul Barratt ◽  
Keith Davids ◽  
Joseph Stone ◽  
Paul Worsfold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Effective Transfer

The objective of the study was to explore coaches’ philosophies regarding strength training (repetitive muscle actions against high loads) and the transfer of strength training to sports performance. Thirteen world class coaches and athletes from track cycling, Bicycle Moto-Cross (BMX), sprint kayaking, rowing and athletics sprinting were interviewed using an open-ended, semi-structured approach. Participants were asked about their coaching philosophies, design of athlete training programmes, strength training and its transfer to sports performance. A thematic analysis was conducted. Data trustworthiness was enhanced by methods of member checking and analyst triangulation. Coaches believed that task-specific strength is essential for sports performance. They reported that non-specific strength training (‘traditional’ gym-based strength exercises that are not specific to a sport movement) is important for increasing athletes’ muscle size and strength. This is typically used in conjunction with resisted sport movement training (for example, increased resistance running, pedalling or rowing), believed to achieve an effective transfer of enhanced muscle strength to sports performance. Coaches described the transfer process as complex, with factors associated with fatigue and coordination having particular significance. The importance that coaches place on coordination is supported by a theoretical model that demonstrates increases in muscle strength from strength training may need to be accompanied with a change in inter-muscular coordination to improve sport performance. The idea that each athlete needs to adapt intermuscular coordination in response to a change in his/her unique set of ‘organism constraints’ (e.g. muscle strength) is well described by the theory of ecological dynamics and Newell’s model of constraints.

scholarly journals Changes in muscle size and MHC composition in response to resistance exercise with heavy and light loading intensity

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Holm ◽  
S. Reitelseder ◽  
T. G. Pedersen ◽  
S. Doessing ◽  
S. G. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Load

Muscle mass accretion is accomplished by heavy-load resistance training. The effect of light-load resistance exercise has been far more sparsely investigated with regard to potential effect on muscle size and contractile strength. We applied a resistance exercise protocol in which the same individual trained one leg at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) (heavy load, HL) while training the other leg at 15.5% 1RM (light load, LL). Eleven sedentary men (age 25 ± 1 yr) trained for 12 wk at three times/week. Before and after the intervention muscle hypertrophy was determined by magnetic resonance imaging, muscle biopsies were obtained bilaterally from vastus lateralis for determination of myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, and maximal muscle strength was assessed by 1RM testing and in an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s. Quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area increased ( P < 0.05) 8 ± 1% and 3 ± 1% in HL and LL legs, respectively, with a greater gain in HL than LL ( P < 0.05). Likewise, 1RM strength increased ( P < 0.001) in both legs (HL: 36 ± 5%, LL: 19 ± 2%), albeit more so with HL ( P < 0.01). Isokinetic 60°/s muscle strength improved by 13 ± 5% ( P < 0.05) in HL but remained unchanged in LL (4 ± 5%, not significant). Finally, MHC IIX protein expression was decreased with HL but not LL, despite identical total workload in HL and LL. Our main finding was that LL resistance training was sufficient to induce a small but significant muscle hypertrophy in healthy young men. However, LL resistance training was inferior to HL training in evoking adaptive changes in muscle size and contractile strength and was insufficient to induce changes in MHC composition.

scholarly journals Comparison of whole-body vibration training, strength training and health education on physical function and neuromuscular function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangqi Lai ◽  
Seullee Lee ◽  
Yiyang Chen ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
S Peak

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is among the most common osteoarthritis diseases that affect adults older than 65 years old. Impaired neuromuscular function contributes to the development and/or progression of KOA. As a new modality in strength training, whole-body vibration (WBV) training is considered in the management of KOA. However, the inconsistent results of previous studies dampened the enthusiasm for the clinical application of WBV. Methods Eligible participants with KOA were randomly allocated to WBV, strength training (ST) and health education (HE) groups. Finally, 57 participants completed the intervention and measurements. The participants in each group were encouraged to perform the WBV training, similar strength training or health education program. These supervised interventions were performed three times per week for 8 weeks. Physical function was assessed with Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 6-min Walk Distance tests. Neuromuscular function was measured with isokinetic muscle strength and proprioception. Results All variables of physical function and neuromuscular function failed to change significantly among three groups (p > 0.05). However, compared with the baseline, the time of TUG (mean difference = 0.88 ± 0.78, 95% CI = 0.50 – 1.26, p < 0.001) and most of the variables related to isokinetic knee muscle strength (peak work of flexor at 90°/s, peak torque of extensor at 180°/s, peak work of extensor at 180°/s, peak torque of flexors at 180°/s, and peak work of flexors at 180°/s, all p < 0.05) improved significantly in WBV group. Conclusion WBV training has been recommended for strength training in elderly people and patients with musculoskeletal diseases. The 8-week WBV training under the protocol of our study was not superior to ST and HE. Hence, more clinical studies are required in the future to develop an optimal training protocol. Trial registration It was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry a priori as a clinical trial (ID: ChiCTR-IOR-16009234). Registered 21 September 2016.

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