Correlates of Physical Functioning and Performance Across the Spectrum of Kidney Function

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which poor physical functioning, low participation in physical activity, and muscle atrophy observed among patients on hemodialysis are evident in the earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We enrolled adults in three groups: no CKD, Stages 3 to 4 CKD, and hemodialysis. Outcomes measured were physical activity, muscle size, thigh muscle strength, physical performance, and self-reported physical function. Patients with CKD had muscle area intermediate between the no CKD and hemodialysis groups, but they had low levels of physical activity that were similar to the hemodialysis group. Physical activity and muscle size were significantly associated with all outcomes. Kidney function was not significantly associated with muscle strength or physical performance after adjustment for physical activity and muscle size. In conclusion, interventions aimed to increase muscle mass and energy expenditure might have an impact on improving physical function of CKD patients.

Download Full-text

Marked Improvement in Physical Function through Gains in Muscle Strength and Thigh Muscle Size after Heavy-Load Strength Training in Women with Established Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity ◽

10.4172/2329-9509.1000136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raastad T Kvernvik KJ

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Strength Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽

Marked Improvement ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Heavy Load

Download Full-text

Treatment with oxandrolone and the durability of effects in older men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00808.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 1055-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E. Todd Schroeder ◽

Ling Zheng ◽

Kevin E. Yarasheski ◽

Dajun Qian ◽

Yolanda Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Whole Body ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Leg Flexion ◽

Anabolic Androgen ◽

Total Body ◽

Proximal Thigh

We investigated the effects of the anabolic androgen, oxandrolone, on lean body mass (LBM), muscle size, fat, and maximum voluntary muscle strength, and we determined the durability of effects after treatment was stopped. Thirty-two healthy 60- to 87-yr-old men were randomized to receive 20 mg oxandrolone/day ( n = 20) or placebo ( n = 12) for 12 wk. Body composition [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging, and 2H2O dilution] and muscle strength [1 repetition maximum (1 RM)] were evaluated at baseline and after 12 wk of treatment; body composition (DEXA) and 1-RM strength were then assessed 12 wk after treatment was discontinued ( week 24). At week 12, oxandrolone increased LBM by 3.0 ± 1.5 kg ( P < 0.001), total body water by 2.9 ± 3.7 kg ( P = 0.002), and proximal thigh muscle area by 12.4 ± 8.4 cm2 ( P < 0.001); these increases were greater ( P < 0.003) than in the placebo group. Oxandrolone increased 1-RM strength for leg press by 6.7 ± 6.4% ( P < 0.001), leg flexion by 7.0 ± 7.8% ( P < 0.001), chest press by 9.3 ± 6.7% ( P < 0.001), and latissimus pull-down exercises by 5.1 ± 9.1% ( P = 0.02); these increases were greater than placebo. Oxandrolone reduced total (-1.9 ± 1.0 kg) and trunk fat (-1.3 ± 0.6 kg; P < 0.001), and these decreases were greater ( P < 0.001) than placebo. Twelve weeks after oxandrolone was discontinued ( week 24), the increments in LBM and muscle strength were no longer different from baseline ( P > 0.15). However, the decreases in total and trunk fat were sustained (-1.5 ± 1.8, P = 0.001 and -1.0 ± 1.1 kg, P < 0.001, respectively). Thus oxandrolone induced short-term improvements in LBM, muscle area, and strength, while reducing whole body and trunk adiposity. Anabolic improvements were lost 12 wk after discontinuing oxandrolone, whereas improvements in fat mass were largely sustained.

Download Full-text

The clinically important changes physical function were not associated with clinically important changes in muscle strength or physical performance over time - A Cohort Study

10.47660/cbr.2021.1722 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo Rafaela ◽

Joshua F Baker ◽

Jordana Miranda de Souza Silva ◽

Lidiane Isabel Filippin ◽

Juliana Katarina Schoer Portes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Over Time

Download Full-text

Quality over quantity? Association of skeletal muscle myosteatosis and myofibrosis on physical function in chronic kidney disease

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfy139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1344-1353 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Thomas J Wilkinson ◽

Douglas W Gould ◽

Daniel G D Nixon ◽

Emma L Watson ◽

Alice C Smith

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by adverse changes in body composition, which are associated with poor clinical outcome and physical functioning. Whilst size is the key for muscle functioning, changes in muscle quality specifically increase in intramuscular fat infiltration (myosteatosis) and fibrosis (myofibrosis) may be important. We investigated the role of muscle quality and size on physical performance in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods Ultrasound (US) images of the rectus femoris (RF) were obtained. Muscle quality was assessed using echo intensity (EI), and qualitatively using Heckmatt’s visual rating scale. Muscle size was obtained from RF cross-sectional area (RF-CSA). Physical function was measured by the sit-to-stand-60s (STS-60) test, incremental (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk tests, lower limb and handgrip strength, exercise capacity (VO2peak) and gait speed. Results A total of 61 patients (58.5 ± 14.9 years, 46% female, estimated glomerular filtration rate 31.1 ± 20.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited. Lower EI (i.e. higher muscle quality) was significantly associated with better physical performance [STS-60 (r = 0.363) and ISWT (r = 0.320)], and greater VO2peak (r = 0.439). The qualitative rating was closely associated with EI values, and significant differences in function were seen between the ratings. RF-CSA was a better predictor of performance than muscle quality. Conclusions In CKD, increased US-derived EI was negatively correlated with physical performance; however, muscle size remains the largest predictor of physical function. Therefore, in addition to the loss of muscle size, muscle quality should be considered an important factor that may contribute to deficits in mobility and function in CKD. Interventions such as exercise could improve both of these factors.

Download Full-text

Effects of physical activity interventions in frail and prefrail community-dwelling people on frailty status, muscle strength, physical performance and muscle mass—a narrative review

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift ◽

10.1007/s00508-019-1484-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 (11-12) ◽

pp. 244-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sandra Haider ◽

Igor Grabovac ◽

Thomas E. Dorner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Physical Activity Interventions

Download Full-text

The Performance and Association Between Patient-reported and Performance-based Measures of Physical Functioning in Research on Individuals with Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.150432 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura C. Pinheiro ◽

Leigh F. Callahan ◽

Rebecca J. Cleveland ◽

Lloyd J. Edwards ◽

Bryce B. Reeve

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Surrogate Endpoints ◽

Accurate Representation ◽

Patient Reported ◽

And Performance ◽

Community Trial

Objective.To evaluate the association between patient-reported outcome (PRO) and performance-based (PB) measures of physical functioning (PF) among individuals with self-identified arthritis to inform decisions of which to use when evaluating the effectiveness of a physical activity intervention.Methods.Secondary data analysis of a nonrandomized 2-arm pre-post community trial of 462 individuals who self-identified as having arthritis and participated in the Walk with Ease (WWE) intervention. Two PRO and 8 PB assessments were collected at baseline (preintervention) and at 6-week followup. We calculated correlations between PB and PRO measures, assessed how measures identified changes in PF from baseline to followup, and compared PRO and PB measures to arthritis symptoms of pain, stiffness, and fatigue.Results.Strength of correlations between PB and PRO measures varied depending on the PB measure, ranging from 0.21 to 0.54. PRO and PB measures identified PF improvements from baseline to followup, but none showed significant differences between the 2 WWE modalities (instructor-led or self-directed groups). Correlations with arthritis symptoms were stronger for PRO (0.30–0.46) than PB measures (0.03–0.31).Conclusion.PRO measures may provide us with insights into aspects of PF that are not identified by PB measures alone. Use of PRO measures allows patients to communicate their perceptions of PF, which may provide a more accurate representation of overall PF. Our study does not suggest abandoning the use of PB measures to characterize PF in patients with self-identified arthritis, but recommends that PRO measures may serve as complementary or surrogate endpoints for some studies.

Download Full-text

Olfaction and Physical Function in Older Adults: Findings From Health ABC

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 530-531

Author(s):

Yaqun Yuan ◽

Zhehui Luo ◽

Chenxi Li ◽

Eleanor Simonsick ◽

Eric Shiroma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Potential Health ◽

Knee Extensor Strength ◽

Race Disparities

Abstract The present study aims to investigate poor olfaction in relation to physical functioning in community-dwelling older adults and potential sex and race disparities. The analysis included 2511 participants aged 71-82 years (51.7% women and 38.4% blacks) from the Health Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Olfaction was tested with the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Physical function measures included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Health ABC Physical Performance Battery (HABCPPB), gait speed of 20-meter walk, fast 400-meter walking time, grip strength, and knee extensor strength, repeatedly assessed annually or biennially for a follow-up of seven years. We analyzed each of these physical function measures using mixed models, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. For all measures except grip and knee extensor strength, poor olfaction was clearly associated with poorer physical performance at baseline and a faster decline over time. For example, at baseline, the multivariate adjusted SPPB was 8.23 ± 0.09 for participants with poor olfaction and 8.55 ± 0.09 for those with good olfaction (P = 0.02), after seven years of follow-up, the corresponding scores decreased to 6.46 ± 0.12 and 7.36 ± 0.10 respectively (cross-sectional P<0.001, and P for olfaction-by-year interaction < 0.001). For grip and knee extensor strength, similar differences were suggested but didn’t reach statistical significance. The overall results were similar by sex and race. In summary, poor olfaction is clearly associated with faster decline in physical functioning in older adults and future studies should investigate its potential health implications.

Download Full-text

Objective Levels of Physical Activity and Performance and Selfreported Physical Function in Fibromyalgia (FM) Patients

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200405001-01465 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S306

Author(s):

Angela K. Lyden ◽

Ali Berlin ◽

Kirsten Ambrose ◽

David A. Williams ◽

Willem J. Kop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Function ◽

And Performance

Download Full-text

Associations of Physical Function and Physical Activity With COVID-19-Like Symptoms

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 543-544

Author(s):

Marguerita Saadeh ◽

Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽

Davide Vetrano ◽

Philip von Rosen ◽

Anna-Karin Welmer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

National Study ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Headache Pain

Abstract Physical function and physical activity have been associated with health outcomes related to the cardiopulmonary and immune systems, but the extent to which they are related to the risk of developing COVID-19-like symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to explore these associations among Swedish older adults. We analyzed data from 904 individuals aged ≥68 years from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. COVID-19-like symptoms were assessed by phone interview (March-June 2020) and included fever, cough, sore throat and/or a cold, headache, pain in muscles, legs and joints, loss of taste and/or odour, breathing difficulties, chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms and eye inflammation. Muscle strength, mobility, and physical activity were objectively examined in 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and stratifying by age. During the first outbreak of the pandemic, 325 (36%) individuals from our sample developed COVID-19-like symptoms. Those with longer time to perform the chair stand test had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1) for presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms compared to those with a faster time to perform the test, after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk was even higher among people aged ≥80 years (OR: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.7). No significant associations were found for walking speed or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A weaker muscle strength, especially among the oldest-old adults, may contribute to higher odds of developing COVID-19-like symptoms, emphasizing the need to maintain sufficient levels of muscle strength in old age.

Download Full-text