Hypoxic Fetal Brain Damage Followed by Cerebral Palsy will be Prevented by Computerized Fetal Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Monitoring

scholarly journals Cerebral Palsy is 25 or More of Hypoxia Index and No Cerebral Palsy is 24 or Less of Index in Fetal Monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kazuo Maeda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Deceleration ◽  
Pattern Diagnosis ◽  
Chi2 Test

Fetal outcome was ominous if fetal heart rate (FHR) was late deceleration (LD) in the past, while 3 connected typical LDs were normal, and repeated LDs for 50 min were heavy fetal brain damage. Also, LD is defined as LD when it is repeated for 15 minutes. As the fetus is damaged by repeated hypoxic decelerations followed by cerebral palsy, but not by its late appearing in LD, novel fetal hypoxia index (HI) is the sum of all deceleration durations (min) divided by the lowest FHR (bpm) and multiplied by 100 in fetal monitoring. The hypoxia index was 25 or more in all of 6 cerebral palsy cases, while it was 24 or less in all 16 cases of no cerebral palsy. As error probability is almost zero in the chi2 test of hypoxia index, no cerebral palsy is decided when the hypoxia index is 24 or less, while it is cerebral palsy, if hypoxia index is 25 or more. The hypoxia index is adopted to all FHR decelerations and bradycardia, as hypoxia index does not evaluate the late appearing of deceleration, instead of past subjective deceleration pattern diagnosis in fetal monitoring.

scholarly journals Cerebral Palsy is 25 or More of Hypoxia Index and No Cerebral Palsy is 24 or Less of Index in Fetal Monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kazuo Maeda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Deceleration ◽  
Pattern Diagnosis ◽  
Chi2 Test

Fetal outcome was ominous if fetal heart rate (FHR) was late deceleration (LD) in the past, while 3 connected typical LDs were normal, and repeated LDs for 50 min were heavy fetal brain damage. Also, LD is defined as LD when it is repeated for 15 minutes. As the fetus is damaged by repeated hypoxic decelerations followed by cerebral palsy, but not by its late appearing in LD, novel fetal hypoxia index (HI) is the sum of all deceleration durations (min) divided by the lowest FHR (bpm) and multiplied by 100 in fetal monitoring. The hypoxia index was 25 or more in all of 6 cerebral palsy cases, while it was 24 or less in all 16 cases of no cerebral palsy. As error probability is almost zero in the chi2 test of hypoxia index, no cerebral palsy is decided when the hypoxia index is 24 or less, while it is cerebral palsy, if hypoxia index is 25 or more. The hypoxia index is adopted to all FHR decelerations and bradycardia, as hypoxia index does not evaluate the late appearing of deceleration, instead of past subjective deceleration pattern diagnosis in fetal monitoring.

Rubella Immunization: Present Status and Future Perspectives

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1176
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Cardiac Malformations

Sixteen years have elapsed since the last major epidemic of rubella in the United States. Prior to 1964, extensive outbreaks occurred at about six- to nine-year intervals. These outbreaks were associated with the birth of many thousands of infants with one or more of the following defects: cataracts, deafness, cardiac malformations, and brain damage causing mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or severe behavior disorders. In addition, many pregnancies were terminated by spontaneous or therapeutic abortions. This devastating "rubella problem" provided the motivation for the development of rubella vaccine. The live attenuated rubella vaccine was licensed for use in 1969—two to four years before the next anticipated epidemic.

scholarly journals Prenatal MR Imaging Detection of Deep Medullary Vein Involvement in Fetal Brain Damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. E146-E149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Doneda ◽  
A. Righini ◽  
C. Parazzini ◽  
F. Arrigoni ◽  
M. Rustico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Imaging Detection

scholarly journals GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA PENDERITA CEREBRAL PALSY SEBUAH KAJIAN LINGUISTIK KLINIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Agus Syahid
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Motor Center ◽  
The People ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Motor Disturbances

This study describes language disorders in the people with cerebral palsy and what kind of treatments to people with cerebral palsy related to language disorders. Cerebral palsy is a series of disorders with problems regulating muscle movements where it is as a result of some damage to the motor centers in the brain. Damage to the motor center in the brain that causes cerebral palsy can occur prenatal (before birth), perinatal (during the birth), or even postnatal (immediately after birth). There are several main problems that are often found and faced by children with cerebral palsy, they are: (1) difficulty in eating and swallowing caused by motor disturbances in the mouth, (2) difficulty in speaking, (3) difficulty in hearing, and (4) language disorders.

Prevalence of Neurological Findings in Children with Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a gathering of irreversible sicknesses of the improvement of development and stance that happens because of restrictions in useful exercises and are ascribed to non-progressive disorderwhich happen in an infant or fetal brain. CP is a chronic disorder distinguished worldwide in children.

Cerebral palsy, cesarean sections, and electronic fetal monitoring: All the light we cannot see

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Sartwelle ◽  
James C Johnston ◽  
Berna Arda ◽  
Mehila Zebenigus
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Electronic fetal monitoring, cerebral palsy, and medical ethics: Nonsense of a high order1

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sartwelle ◽  
James C. Johnston ◽  
Berna Arda
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
The Face ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
Junk Science ◽  
Scientific Technology

Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was predicted by its inventors to be the long-sought cerebral palsy (CP) nemesis. Rather than prevent CP or any other birth problems, 40 years of EFM use has done substantial harm to mothers and babies and created a worldwide CP-EFM litigation industry that enriches only trial lawyers. Physicians, frightened by the ever-expanding and costly CP-EFM litigation crisis, and focused on avoiding lawsuits at all costs, embraced ethical relativism—charitably called defensive medicine—and continued EFM use even in the face of overwhelming evidence that EFM is merely junk science. In doing so, physicians completely abandoned the bedrock bioethics principles of autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. This daily ethical drama has played itself out for the past almost half century with little protest from obstetricians and no protest from ethicists. This article reviews EFM harms, the CP-EFM litigation crisis, and the resulting abandonment of bioethics principles and explores why the CP-EFM paradigm has failed utterly to follow the Kuhnian model of the scientific, technology, medical paradigm shift.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document