scholarly journals Brief suicide preventive intervention in newly diagnosed HIV-positive persons

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Govender RD Schlebusch
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals Intakes of Vitamin a and Zinc and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Newly Diagnosed HIV-positive Participants in the MASH Cohort in Miami (P24-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Clayton ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Qingyun Liu ◽  
Sabrina Martinez ◽  
Leslie Seminario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Damage

Abstract Objectives HIV infection is characterized by increased oxidative stress. We examined the association of antioxidant intake with measures of oxidative stress and HIV disease progression in newly diagnosed HIV-infected participants. Methods Cross-sectional study of 52 newly-diagnosed HIV-positive participants in the MASH cohort. Blood was drawn for parameters of oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione % and oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage [8-oxo-dG]) and disease stage (CD4- cell counts; HIV-viral load). Questionnaires on demographics and 24-hour dietary recalls and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered. AUDIT scores ≥ 8 was considered hazardous drinking. Dietary intakes of vitamin A and Zinc were calculated. SPSS was used for analyses and Linear Regression Models were estimated. Results Participants were 74% male, 75% Black Non-Hispanic, and 21% Hispanics. Mean age was 42.3 ± SD10.2 years, CD4 count was 506.7 ± SD733.4 cells/µLA cross-sectional and HIV viral load was 3.63 ± SD1.23log10 copies/mL. Dietary intake of vitamin A (β = −0.001, SE = 0.0002, P = 0.044) and zinc (β = −0.0004, SE = 0.0002, P = 0.044) were inversely related with mitochondrial DNA damage (8-oxo-dG), after adjusting for education, race, age, gender, and excessive alcohol use. Oxidized glutathione percentage was directly associated with HIV-viral load (β = 0.81, SE = 0.4, P = 0.037) adjusting for age, gender, AUDIT ≥ 8 and BMI in linear regressions. Conclusions Lower intake of vitamin A and Zinc were associated with higher oxidative stress and higher HIV viral load. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial immediately after receiving a diagnosis of HIV infection as well as during antiretroviral treatment. Funding Sources Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Health.

scholarly journals Methamphetamine Use among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Young Men in North Carolina, United States, from 2000 to 2005

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e11314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Hurt ◽  
Elizabeth Torrone ◽  
Kelly Green ◽  
Evelyn Foust ◽  
Peter Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Methamphetamine Use

scholarly journals Social Support and Violence-prone Relationships as Predictors of Disclosure of HIV Status Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-positive South Africans

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 3287-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Fifield ◽  
Lucia O’Sullivan ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kelvin ◽  
Joanne E. Mantell ◽  
Theresa Exner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
South Africans

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis and neurosyphilis among individuals with and without HIV infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dony Mathew ◽  
Derrick Smit
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Intraocular Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Ocular Syphilis ◽  
Bilateral Involvement ◽  
Frequent Form ◽  
Hiv Coinfection

Background/aimsIn the era of increasing incidence of syphilis globally, ocular syphilis is re-emerging as an important cause of uveitis. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular- and neurosyphilis among individuals with and without HIV infection.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis presenting to Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, over a 5-year period ending December 2018.ResultsTwo-hundred and fifteen eyes of 146 patients were included. HIV coinfection was present in 52.1% of the patients, with 23.7% of these patients being newly diagnosed on presentation. The median age was 36.5±9.8 years. Bilateral involvement occurred in 47.3%, with 68.1% of these patients being HIV positive. The most frequent form of intraocular inflammation was posterior uveitis (40.9%), followed by panuveitis (38.1%), both of which were more predominant in HIV-positive eyes. Seventy-four per cent of all eyes had a visual acuity ≤20/50 and 40% <20/200 at presentation. A lumbar puncture was performed in 113 patients (77.4%). Sixteen patients had confirmed neurosyphilis and 27 probable neurosyphilis according to the UpToDate algorithms.ConclusionThis study included the largest number of ocular syphilis cases with the largest proportion of HIV infection to date. Forty-three of 146 patients (37.0%) had neurosyphilis. HIV status must be determined in all patients with ocular syphilis since almost ¼ of patients were newly diagnosed with HIV infection by doing so.

scholarly journals The seroprevalence of HIV in patients undergoing lower limb Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) in South Africa

SICOT-J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Zia Maharaj ◽  
Jurek Rafal Tomasz Pietrzak ◽  
Nkhodiseni Sikhauli ◽  
Dick van de Jagt ◽  
Lipalo Mokete
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Femoral Head Osteonecrosis ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Total Knee

Aim: The aim was to assess the seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in non-haemophilic patients undergoing primary Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) at an academic hospital in South Africa. Methods: A retrospective review of all Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) patients from January 2017 to December 2018 was conducted. All patients awaiting TJA were offered HIV screening and their demographic data were recorded. Consenting patients were tested or the refusal of testing was documented. The CD4+ T-cell count (CD4+) and viral load (VL) was measured for all HIV-positive patients and newly diagnosed patients were initiated on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART). Results: We included 1007 patients in the study. The TJA population HIV seroprevalence was 10.7% (n = 108). The seroprevalence for THA was 14.9% (n = 78) and that for TKA was 6.2% (n = 30). There were 93 patients (9.2%) who refused screening. There were 12 (15.4%) and 3 patients (10%) that were newly diagnosed in the THA and TKA seropositive populations, respectively. The average CD4+ for THA and TKA was 569 cells/mm3 (105–1320) and 691 cells/mm3 (98–1406), respectively. The VL was undetectable in 75.9% (n = 82) of HIV-positive patients. Overall 12 HIV-positive patients (11.12%) had CD4+ <200 cells/mm3, 8 of these patients (66%) were newly diagnosed. The average age of the seropositive population was 58 ± 6.5 years and 66 ± 8.5 years for THA and TKA, respectively (p = 0.03). Femoral head osteonecrosis was the underlying pathology for 65.38% (n = 51) of seropositive patients for THA. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV in patients undergoing THA in our South African institution is greater than the seroprevalence in the general population. The seroprevalence of HIV in THA is significantly greater than that in TKA. This may reflect the association between HIV, HAART and hip joint degeneration. Our findings draw attention to the significant burden HIV has on TJA.

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