scholarly journals Intakes of Vitamin a and Zinc and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Newly Diagnosed HIV-positive Participants in the MASH Cohort in Miami (P24-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Clayton ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Qingyun Liu ◽  
Sabrina Martinez ◽  
Leslie Seminario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Damage

Abstract Objectives HIV infection is characterized by increased oxidative stress. We examined the association of antioxidant intake with measures of oxidative stress and HIV disease progression in newly diagnosed HIV-infected participants. Methods Cross-sectional study of 52 newly-diagnosed HIV-positive participants in the MASH cohort. Blood was drawn for parameters of oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione % and oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage [8-oxo-dG]) and disease stage (CD4- cell counts; HIV-viral load). Questionnaires on demographics and 24-hour dietary recalls and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were administered. AUDIT scores ≥ 8 was considered hazardous drinking. Dietary intakes of vitamin A and Zinc were calculated. SPSS was used for analyses and Linear Regression Models were estimated. Results Participants were 74% male, 75% Black Non-Hispanic, and 21% Hispanics. Mean age was 42.3 ± SD10.2 years, CD4 count was 506.7 ± SD733.4 cells/µLA cross-sectional and HIV viral load was 3.63 ± SD1.23log10 copies/mL. Dietary intake of vitamin A (β = −0.001, SE = 0.0002, P = 0.044) and zinc (β = −0.0004, SE = 0.0002, P = 0.044) were inversely related with mitochondrial DNA damage (8-oxo-dG), after adjusting for education, race, age, gender, and excessive alcohol use. Oxidized glutathione percentage was directly associated with HIV-viral load (β = 0.81, SE = 0.4, P = 0.037) adjusting for age, gender, AUDIT ≥ 8 and BMI in linear regressions. Conclusions Lower intake of vitamin A and Zinc were associated with higher oxidative stress and higher HIV viral load. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial immediately after receiving a diagnosis of HIV infection as well as during antiretroviral treatment. Funding Sources Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Health.

scholarly journals Cocaine Use, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Among People Living with HIV in the MASH Cohort in Miami (P19-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhanoof Alohaly ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Leslie Seminario ◽  
Marianna Baum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objectives HIV infection and cocaine use contribute to oxidative stress; persistent oxidative stress leads to rapid rates of glutathione (GSH) consumption. GSH is an abundant intracellular antioxidant and is synthesized from its precursor amino acids. HIV promotes changes in the components of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in GSH depletion and may cause DNA damage, and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the aim is to assess oxidative stress, and biomarkers of inflammation in HIV-infected individuals from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort, on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART), with controlled HIV viral load. Methods A cross-sectional study of participants in the MASH cohort in Miami. Participants were consented and blood was collected for C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidized glutathione and % of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG). Anthropometrics included body fat measured by the bioimpedance analysis machine. Results Mean age was 54.6 ± 6.3 years, 67% were male, and 50% used cocaine, mean BMI was 26.2 ± 3.1, CRP was 7.1 ± 12.4, oxidized glutathione was 34.4 ± 32.4 mmol, and the ratio of GSH: GSSG 4.86 ± 4.7. All participants had undetected viral load and were mainly overweight (70%) with a mean fat% of 28.0 ± 7.1. Cocaine use was strongly related with CRP (r = 401, P = 0.014) and GSH: GSSG (r = −389, P = 0.017) ; BMI was lower with age (r = −0.502, P = 0.024); and fat contain was lower in males (r = −0.474, P = 0.004); males also had significantly higher oxidized glutathione (r = 0.384, P = 0.018); age was inversely correlated with BMI (r = −0.335, P = 0.027). A nutritional supplementation with antioxidants with a longitudinal follow-up of outcomes is in progress. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cocaine use is significantly associated with markers of inflammations and oxidative stress in people living with HIV who are already at risk for these conditions, and interventions with antioxidants and detoxification interventions are important for these participants. Funding Sources National Institute on Drug Abuse.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Brazilian Pregnant Women with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Moreira Jalil ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Patrícia El Beitune ◽  
Renata Toscano Simões ◽  
Patrícia Pereira dos Santos Melli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. To estimate HPV prevalence among pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and the possible influence of HIV-1 infection on this prevalence.Methods. A cross-sectional study with 44 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative pregnant women was conducted. Cervicovaginal specimens were obtained from all women during gynecologic exam. HPV DNA, low and high risk HPV types, was detected using conventional PCR. Statistical analysis used Student'st-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fischer's Exact test, and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval.Results. HIV-positive pregnant women had higher proportion of HPV infection than HIV-negative pregnant women (79.5% versus 58.5%;P<.05). HPV positivity prevalence ratio for HIV-positive women was 1.36 (95% CI 1.04–1.8;P=.03). There was significant association between HIV viral load levels and HPV positivity (P<.05).Conclusions. Our results demonstrate higher HPV positivity in HIV-infected pregnant women. Higher values of HIV viral load were associated with HPV positivity.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-positive outpatients on antiretroviral therapy in Pernambuco, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0009067
Author(s):  
Diego Lins Guedes ◽  
Alda Maria Justo ◽  
Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior ◽  
Elis Dionísio da Silva ◽  
Samuel Ricarte de Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Impact

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in HIV-positive individuals is a global health problem. HIV-Leishmania coinfection worsens prognosis and mortality risk, and HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals are more susceptible to VL relapses. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can protect against Leishmania infection in individuals living in VL-endemic areas, and regular use of antiretrovirals might prevent VL relapses in these individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Petrolina, Brazil, an VL-endemic area, to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania cases among HIV-positive outpatients. Methods We invited any HIV-positive patients, aged ≥ 18-years-old, under antiretroviral therapy, and who were asymptomatic for VL. Patients were tested for Leishmania with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-rK39, immunochromatographic test (ICT)-rK39, direct agglutination test (DAT), latex agglutination test (KAtex), and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HIV-Leishmania coinfection was diagnosed when at least one VL test was positive. Results A total of 483 patients were included. The sample was predominantly composed of single, < 48-years-old, black/pardo, heterosexual males, with fewer than 8 years of schooling. The prevalence of asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfection was 9.11% (44/483). HIV mono-infected and HIV-Leishmania coinfected groups differed statistically significantly in terms of race (p = 0.045), marital status (p = 0.030), and HIV viral load (p = 0.046). Black/pardo patients, married patients, and those with an HIV viral load up to 100,000 copies/ml presented higher odds for HIV-Leishmania coinfection. Conclusions A considerable number of asymptomatic Leishmania cases were observed among HIV-positive individuals in a VL-endemic area. Given the potential impact on transmission and health costs, as well as the impact on these coinfected individuals, studies of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers can be useful for guiding public health policies in VL-endemic areas aiming to control and eliminate the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of viral load suppression, predictors of virological failure and patterns of HIV drug resistance after 12 and 48 months on first-line antiretroviral therapy: a national cross-sectional survey in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1280-1289
Author(s):  
Deogratius Ssemwanga ◽  
Juliet Asio ◽  
Christine Watera ◽  
Maria Nannyonjo ◽  
Faridah Nassolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weighted Prevalence

Abstract Objectives We implemented the WHO cross-sectional survey protocol to determine rates of HIV viral load (VL) suppression (VLS), and weighted prevalence, predictors and patterns of acquired drug resistance (ADR) in individuals with virological failure (VF) defined as VL ≥1000 copies/mL. Methods We enrolled 547 and 1064 adult participants on first-line ART for 12 (±3) months (ADR12) and ≥48 months (ADR48), respectively. Dried blood spots and plasma specimens were collected for VL testing and genotyping among the VFs. Results VLS was 95.0% (95% CI 93.4%–96.5%) in the ADR12 group and 87.9% (95% CI 85.0%–90.9%) in the ADR48 group. The weighted prevalence of ADR was 96.1% (95% CI 72.9%–99.6%) in the ADR12 and 90.4% (95% CI 73.6–96.8%) in the ADR48 group, out of the 30 and 95 successful genotypes in the respective groups. Initiation on a zidovudine-based regimen compared with a tenofovir-based regimen was significantly associated with VF in the ADR48 group; adjusted OR (AOR) 1.96 (95% CI 1.13–3.39). Independent predictors of ADR in the ADR48 group were initiation on a zidovudine-based regimen compared with tenofovir-based regimens, AOR 3.16 (95% CI 1.34–7.46) and ART duration of ≥82 months compared with &lt;82 months, AOR 1.92 (95% CI 1.03–3.59). Conclusions While good VLS was observed, the high prevalence of ADR among the VFs before they underwent the recommended three intensive adherence counselling (IAC) sessions followed by repeat VL testing implies that IAC prior to treatment switching may be of limited benefit in improving VLS.

scholarly journals HIV Viral Load Estimation Using Hematocrit Corrected Dried Blood Spot Results on a BioMerieux NucliSENS® Platform

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nyagupe ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Serge Ade ◽  
Collins Timire ◽  
Hannock Tweya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Spot

While reporting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) using dried blood spot (DBS) in the BioMerieux NucliSENS platform, application of the hematocrit correction factor has been suggested. In this cross-sectional study from the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory of Zimbabwe, we assessed whether hematocrit correction (individual and/or mean) in DBS results improved the correlation with plasma VL and prediction of VL non-suppression (≥1000 copies per ml in plasma). Of 517 specimens during August–December 2018, 65(12.6%) had non-suppressed plasma VL results. The hematocrit correction factor ranged from 1.3 to 2.0 with a mean of 1.6, standard deviation (SD: 1.5, 1.7). The intraclass correlation (ICC) for mean (0.859, 95% CI: 0.834, 0.880) and individual (0.809, 95% CI: 0.777, 0.837) hematocrit corrected DBS results were not significantly different. The uncorrected DBS results had a significantly lower ICC (0.640, 95% CI: 0.586, 0.688) when compared to corrected DBS results. There were no significant differences in validity, predictive values, and areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves for all three DBS results when predicting VL non-suppression. To conclude, hematocrit correction of DBS VL results improved agreement with the plasma results but did not improve prediction of VL non-suppression. The results were not significantly different for individual and mean corrected results.

scholarly journals Increasing syphilis rates among men who have sex with men and screening to detect asymptomatic infection

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Chen ◽  
Rebecca Guy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Ocular Syphilis ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Sex With Men

With reports of increasing syphilis rates among men who have sex with men in various countries and complications such as ocular syphilis and neurosyphilis, greater efforts for promoting frequent syphilis screening of higher risk men are required. This should include serological testing for syphilis every time HIV testing is undertaken and each time HIV viral load testing is performed in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Systems-based approaches tailored to particular contexts should be explored, evaluated and, if shown to be effective, implemented.

HIV-positive Kaposi sarcoma and immune checkpoint blockade.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 63-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Galanina ◽  
Aaron Goodman ◽  
Philip R Cohen ◽  
Razelle Kurzrock
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Discomfort ◽  
Count Table

63 Title: HIV-Positive Kaposi Sarcoma and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an incurable, virally mediated malignancy arising in HIV-positive patients. We report the first observations on the safety and efficacy of checkpoint blockade in these patients. Methods: We identified eight evaluable patients with HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma who received ≥1 dose of checkpoint blockade. Data on demographics, treatment efficacy, and the effects on immune function (HIV and HHV8 viral load, CD4 count) and toxicity were curated. Results: Median age was 45.5 years (range, 38-63); all men; median, one prior regimen; all were treated with nivolumab 3mg/kg IV days 1 and 14 of each 28-day cycle. PD-L1 expression was assessed retrospectively and was low in 3 out of 4 patients with available data. All patients were receiving anti-retroviral therapy. The majority (75%) had preserved CD4 count and undetectable HIV viral load (Table). The response rate (RR) was 62.5% (5 of 8 patients) with 1 complete remission and 4 partial remissions; the remaining 3 patients have stable disease. Median follow up to date is 3.5 months and no patients has discontinued therapy. No grade >2 toxicities were noted. Most common side effects included fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort, pruritis, and onycholysis. There was an overall increase in CD4 counts. Conclusions: Preliminary observations suggest that checkpoint blockade with nivolumab has low toxicity and high anti-tumor activity in KS. Additionally, patients experienced improvement in CD4 count. [Table: see text]

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