scholarly journals Volcanology and Archaeology for Better Understanding the History of Campi Flegrei: Post-NYT Bradyseisms and More Rapid Deformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-221
Author(s):  
Angelo Paone ◽  
Sung-Hyo Yun
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Deformation

Eruptive history of Neapolitan volcanoes: constraints from 40Ar–39Ar dating

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO SCARPATI ◽  
ANNAMARIA PERROTTA ◽  
SIMONE LEPORE ◽  
ANDREW CALVERT
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Campanian Ignimbrite ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Eruptive History ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The City ◽  
Eruptive Cycles

AbstractThe city of Naples can be considered part of the Campi Flegrei volcanic field, and deposits within the urban area record many autochthonous pre- to post-caldera eruptions. Age measurements were carried out using 40Ar–39Ar dating techniques on samples from small monogenetic vents and more widely distributed tephra layers. The 40Ar–39Ar ages on feldspar phenocrysts yielded ages of c. 16 ka and 22 ka for events older than the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera-forming eruption (15 ka), and ages of c. 40 ka, 53 ka and 78 ka for events older than the Campanian Ignimbrite caldera-forming eruption (39 ka). The oldest age obtained is 18 ka older than previous dates for pyroclastic deposits cropping out along the northern rim of Campi Flegrei. The results of this study allow us to divide the Campi Flegrei volcanic history into four main, geochronologically distinct eruptive cycles. A new period, the Paleoflegrei, occurred before 74–78 ka and has been proposed to better discriminate the ancient volcanism in the volcanic field. The eruptive history of Campi Flegrei extends possibly further back than this, but the products of previous eruptions are difficult to date owing to the lack of fresh juvenile clasts. These new geochronological data, together with recently published ages related to young volcanic edifices located in the city of Naples (Nisida volcano, 3.9 ka) testify to persistent activity over a period of at least 80 ka, with an average eruption recurrence interval of ~555 years within and adjacent to this densely populated city.

scholarly journals Review article: Brief history of volcanic risk in the Neapolitan area (Campania, southern Italy): a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3097-3112
Author(s):  
Stefano Carlino
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Systematic Strategy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Abstract. The presence of three active volcanoes (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia island) along the coast of Naples did not contain the huge expansion of the urbanized zones around them. In contrast, since the Greco-Roman era, volcanoes have featured among the favourite sites for people colonizing the Campania region. The stable settlements around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei caldera and Ischia were progressively enlarged, attaining a maximum growth rate between 1950 and 1980. Between 1982 and 1984, Neapolitans faced the last and most dramatic volcanic crises, which occurred at Campi Flegrei (Pozzuoli) without an eruption. Since that time, volcanologists have focused their attention on the problem of risks associated with eruptions in the Neapolitan area, but a systematic strategy to reduce the very high volcanic risk of this zone is still lacking. A brief history of volcanic risk in the Neapolitan district is narrated here in an effort to provide new food for thought for the scientific community that works for the mitigation of volcanic risk in this area.

scholarly journals Review article: Brief history of volcanic risk in Neapolitan area (Campania, Southern Italy): a critical review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Carlino
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic Risk ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Systematic Strategy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High ◽  
Island Of Ischia

Abstract. The presence of three active volcanoes (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia Island) along the coast of Naples did not constrained the huge expansion of the urbanized zones around them. On the contrary, since Greek-Roman era, volcanoes have been an attractor for people who colonized Campania region. Stable settlements around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei caldera and the Island of Ischia were progressively enlarged, reaching the maximum growth-rate between 1950 and 1980. Between 1982 and 1984, Neapolitan people faced the last and most dramatic volcanic crises, occurred at Campi Flegrei (Pozzuoli), without an eruption. Since that time, volcanologists have focused the attention on the problem of risk associated to eruptions in Neapolitan area, but a systematic strategy to reduce the very high volcanic risk of this area still lacks. A brief history of volcanic risk in Neapolitan district is here reported, trying to obtain new food for thought for the scientific community which works to the mitigation of volcanic risk of this area.

scholarly journals Caldera’s Breathing: Poroelastic Ground Deformation at Campi Flegrei (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Todesco
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Magma Intrusion ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
History Of

Ground deformation at Campi Flegrei has fuelled a long-term scientific debate about its driving mechanism and its significance in hazard assessment. In an active volcanic system hosting a wide hydrothermal circulation, both magmatic and hydrothermal fluids could be responsible, to variable degrees, for the observed ground displacement. Fast and large uplifts are commonly interpreted in terms of pressure or volume changes associated with magma intrusion, while minor, slower displacement can be related to shallower sources. This work focuses on the deformation history of the last 35 years and shows that ground deformation measured at Campi Flegrei since 1985 is consistent with a poroelastic response of a shallow hydrothermal system to changes in pore pressure and fluid content. The extensive literature available for Campi Flegrei allows constraining system geometry, properties, and conditions. Changes in pore pressure and fluid content necessary to cause the observed deformation can then be calculated based on the linear theory of poroelasticity. The predicted pore pressure evolution and fluid fluxes are plausible and consistent with available measurements and independent estimates.

scholarly journals The Ground Deformation History of the Neapolitan Volcanic Area (Campi Flegrei Caldera, Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, and Ischia Island) from 20 Years of Continuous GPS Observations (2000–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Prospero De Martino ◽  
Mario Dolce ◽  
Giuseppe Brandi ◽  
Giovanni Scarpato ◽  
Umberto Tammaro
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Ischia Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Gps Time Series ◽  
Gps Observations

The Neapolitan volcanic area includes three active and high-risk volcanoes: Campi Flegrei caldera, Somma–Vesuvius, and Ischia island. The Campi Flegrei volcanic area is a typical example of a resurgent caldera, characterized by intense uplift periods followed by subsidence phases (bradyseism). After about 21 years of subsidence following the 1982–1984 unrest, a new inflation period started in 2005 and, with increasing rates over time, is ongoing. The overall uplift from 2005 to December 2019 is about 65 cm. This paper provides the history of the recent Campi Flegrei caldera unrest and an overview of the ground deformation patterns of the Somma–Vesuvius and Ischia volcanoes from continuous GPS observations. In the 2000–2019 time span, the GPS time series allowed the continuous and accurate tracking of ground and seafloor deformation of the whole volcanic area. With the aim of improving the research on volcano dynamics and hazard assessment, the full dataset of the GPS time series from the Neapolitan volcanic area from January 2000 to December 2019 is presented and made available to the scientific community.

scholarly journals The long and intertwined record of humans and the Campi Flegrei volcano (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Costa ◽  
M. A. Di Vito ◽  
G. P. Ricciardi ◽  
V. C. Smith ◽  
P. Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Phlegraean Fields ◽  
Volcanic Lakes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractThe Campi Flegrei volcano (or Phlegraean Fields), Campania, Italy, generated the largest eruption in Europe in at least 200 ka. Here we summarise the volcanic and human history of Campi Flegrei and discuss the interactions between humans and the environment within the “burning fields” from around 10,000 years until the 1538 CE Monte Nuovo eruption and more recent times. The region’s incredibly rich written history documents how the landscape changed both naturally and anthropogenically, with the volcanic system fuelling these considerable natural changes. Humans have exploited the beautiful landscape, accessible resources (e.g. volcanic ash for pulvis puteolana mortar) and natural thermal springs associated with the volcano for millennia, but they have also endured the downsides of living in a volcanically active region—earthquakes, significant ground deformation and landscape altering eruptions. The pre-historic record is detailed, and various archaeological sites indicate that the region was certainly occupied in the last 10,000 years. This history has been reconstructed by identifying archaeological finds in sequences that often contain ash (tephra) layers from some of the numerous volcanic eruptions from Campi Flegrei and the other volcanoes in the region that were active at the time (Vesuvius and Ischia). These tephra layers provide both a relative and absolute chronology and allow the archaeology to be placed on a relatively precise timescale. The records testify that people have inhabited the area even when Campi Flegrei was particularly active. The archaeological sequences and outcrops of pyroclastic material preserve details about the eruption dynamics, buildings from Roman times, impressive craters that now host volcanic lakes and nature reserves, all of which make this region particularly mystic and fascinating, especially when we observe how society continues to live within the active caldera system. The volcanic activity and long record of occupation and use of volcanic resources in the region make it unique and here we outline key aspects of its geoheritage.

The Astroni volcano: the only example of closely spaced eruptions in the same vent area during the recent history of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy)

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Isaia ◽  
Massimo D’Antonio ◽  
Francesco Dell’Erba ◽  
Mauro Di Vito ◽  
Giovanni Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Recent History ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Deep Drilling Reveals Puzzling History of Campi Flegrei Caldera

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Branscombe
Keyword(s):  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Deep Drilling ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
History Of

Results show that caldera collapse attributed to a super eruption almost 40,000 years ago was smaller than what scientists expected. So what might have really happened?

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