scholarly journals The Ground Deformation History of the Neapolitan Volcanic Area (Campi Flegrei Caldera, Somma–Vesuvius Volcano, and Ischia Island) from 20 Years of Continuous GPS Observations (2000–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Prospero De Martino ◽  
Mario Dolce ◽  
Giuseppe Brandi ◽  
Giovanni Scarpato ◽  
Umberto Tammaro
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Ischia Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Gps Time Series ◽  
Gps Observations

The Neapolitan volcanic area includes three active and high-risk volcanoes: Campi Flegrei caldera, Somma–Vesuvius, and Ischia island. The Campi Flegrei volcanic area is a typical example of a resurgent caldera, characterized by intense uplift periods followed by subsidence phases (bradyseism). After about 21 years of subsidence following the 1982–1984 unrest, a new inflation period started in 2005 and, with increasing rates over time, is ongoing. The overall uplift from 2005 to December 2019 is about 65 cm. This paper provides the history of the recent Campi Flegrei caldera unrest and an overview of the ground deformation patterns of the Somma–Vesuvius and Ischia volcanoes from continuous GPS observations. In the 2000–2019 time span, the GPS time series allowed the continuous and accurate tracking of ground and seafloor deformation of the whole volcanic area. With the aim of improving the research on volcano dynamics and hazard assessment, the full dataset of the GPS time series from the Neapolitan volcanic area from January 2000 to December 2019 is presented and made available to the scientific community.

scholarly journals GPS time series at Campi Flegrei caldera (2000-2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prospero De Martino ◽  
Umberto Tammaro ◽  
Francesco Obrizzo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Deformation Source ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Gps Time Series

<p>The Campi Flegrei caldera is an active volcanic system associated to a high volcanic risk, and represents a well known and peculiar example of ground deformations (bradyseism), characterized by intense uplift periods, followed by subsidence phases with some episodic superimposed mini-uplifts. Ground deformation is an important volcanic precursor, and, its continuous monitoring, is one of the main tool for short time forecast of eruptive activity. This paper provides an overview of the continuous GPS monitoring of the Campi Flegrei caldera from January 2000 to July 2013, including network operations, data recording and processing, and data products. In this period the GPS time series allowed continuous and accurate tracking of ground deformation of the area. Seven main uplift episodes were detected, and during each uplift period, the recurrent horizontal displacement pattern, radial from the “caldera center”, suggests no significant change in deformation source geometry and location occurs. The complete archive of GPS time series at Campi Flegrei area is reported in the Supplementary materials. These data can be usefull for the scientific community in improving the research on Campi Flegrei caldera dynamic and hazard assessment.</p>

scholarly journals Time evolution of medium and long-period ground tilting at Campi Flegrei caldera

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Petrosino ◽  
Ciro Ricco ◽  
Enza De Lauro ◽  
Ida Aquino ◽  
Mariarosaria Falanga
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Oscillation Pattern ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Thermoelastic Effects ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Tidal Constituents

Abstract. We analyse tiltmeter time series recorded from April 2015 to March 2019 at three borehole instruments installed at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). We evaluate the crustal response in terms of ground tilting to external excitations of medium/long-period tidal constituents by applying a polarization analysis. The azimuths of the tilt vectors show well-defined polarization directions and the ground tilting planes oscillate with the periodicity of the corresponding tidal constituents. For two of the three tiltmeters, the average ground oscillation pattern related to the monthly Mm and fortnightly Mf constituents show seasonal variations, which can be ascribed to rainfall-induced tilting. In addition, for the same two instruments, a clear seasonal amplitude modulation of the diurnal S1 constituent appears in the time series, revealing the occurrence of site thermoelastic effects. The results indicate that the tidal tilting is mainly controlled by the local stress field distribution and rheology; in addition, seasonal exogenous factors like rainfalls play a role in modulating the ground deformation.

scholarly journals GPS measurements on pre-, co- and post-seismic surface deformation at first multi-parametric geophysical observatory, Ghuttu in Garhwal Himalaya, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
P.K. Gautam ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
C.P. Dabral
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Local Earthquakes ◽  
Position Time Series ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Gps Time Series ◽  
Gps Station

Abstract We investigate the surface deformation pattern of GPS station at MPGO Ghuttu (GHUT) to find out the cause of anomalous behavior in the continuous GPS time series. Seven years (2007-2013) of GPS data has been analyzed using GAMIT/GLOBK software and generated the daily position time series. The horizontal translational motion at GHUT is 43.7 ± 1 mm/yr at an angle of 41°± 3° towards NE, while for the IGS station at LHAZ, the motion is 49.4 ±1 mm/yr at 18 ± 2.5° towards NEE. The estimated velocity at GHUT station with respect to IISC is 12 ± 1 mm/yr towards SW. Besides, we have also examined anomalous changes in the time series of GHUT before, after and during the occurrences of local earthquakes by considering the empirical strain radius; such that, a possible relationship between the strain radius and the occurrences of earthquakes have been explored. We considered seven local earthquakes on the basis of Dobrovolsky strain radius condition having magnitude from 4.5 to 5.7, which occurred from 2007 to 2011. Results show irrespective of the station strain radius, pre-seismic surface deformational anomalies are observed roughly 70 to 80 days before the occurrence of a Moderate or higher magnitude events. This has been observed for the cases of those events originated from the Uttarakashi and the Chamoli seismic zones in the Garhwal and Kumaun Himalaya. Occurrences of short (< 100 days) and long (two years) inter-seismic events in the Garhwal region plausibly regulating and diffusing the regional strain accumulation.

scholarly journals Granger Causality Analysis of Geophysical, Geodetic and Geochemical Observations during Volcanic Unrest: A Case Study in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Simona Tripaldi ◽  
Sergio Scippacercola ◽  
Annarita Mangiacapra ◽  
Zaccaria Petrillo
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Deformation Velocity ◽  
Granger Test

The recent signs of reawakening at Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) received a great deal of attention due to the issues related to the volcanic risk management in a densely populated area. This paper explores relations between ground deformations, seismicity and geochemical time series in the time span 2004–2016. The aim is to unravel primary processes of unrest and the related indicators which may change in time. Data structure and interactions among variables were examined applying the clustering analysis, the correlations and the Granger causality test. The hierarchical agglomerative clustering detected two sub-periods which were further investigated. In both sub-period causal links were observed between variables while correlations did not appear and vice versa. Thus, well established formal approaches are required to study causal relations. Granger test results indicate that during 2004–2011 the awakening unrest could be mainly ascribed to hydrothermal system pressure fluctuations, probably induced by deep-rooted fluids injection, and that ground deformation together with CO2/H2O appears the most suitable geo-indicators. The 2011–2016 sub-period is characterized by enhanced dynamical connectivity. Granger test results suggest that the unrest is driven by a more localized and shallower thermohydromechanical engine. CO/CO2, He/CH4 and ground deformation velocity are mutually interacting appearing the most suitable geo-indicators.

Correlation between submerged and continental infill at Campi Flegrei caldera: insights on the volcano-tectonic events of the last 15 kyr

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Natale ◽  
Stefano Vitale ◽  
Roberto Isaia ◽  
Francesco D'Assisi Tramparulo ◽  
Luigi Ferranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Seismic Facies Analysis

&lt;p&gt;The Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is characterized by over one-third of its extension lying below the sea. In the last 15 ka the caldera floor has suffered hundreds of meters of ground deformation alternating uplift and subsidence episodes in response to the activity of the volcanic system. The evidence of significant uplifts is witnessed by the occurrence of marine sequences exposed on land, both along a 30 m high La Starza cliff and in numerous well logs. However, most of these sediments are currently hidden below the sea. This work aims to reconstruct the marine counterpart of the infill by using large multiscale reflection seismic data (&gt;100 profiles) and an accurate seismic facies analysis. The latter consisted in the study and&lt;br&gt;comparison of seismic attributes, scaled to the resolution of the different datasets, to their geological analogs on land. Furthermore, by observing the changes in the pattern of on-lap terminations, thickness, amplitude, and distribution of erosive features of different horizons, we tentatively ascribed these sequences to the well-known continental deposits. The study of the whole sequence above the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (15 ka) allowed us to gather relevant information about the relationships between stratigraphic record, ground deformation and sea-level changes. In particular, the reconstruction of buried surfaces gave us hints on the evolution of the volcanic system including the role of faults in terms of estimation of displacement and relationships with the different epoch of major eruptive activity.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Caldera’s Breathing: Poroelastic Ground Deformation at Campi Flegrei (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Todesco
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Magma Intrusion ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
History Of

Ground deformation at Campi Flegrei has fuelled a long-term scientific debate about its driving mechanism and its significance in hazard assessment. In an active volcanic system hosting a wide hydrothermal circulation, both magmatic and hydrothermal fluids could be responsible, to variable degrees, for the observed ground displacement. Fast and large uplifts are commonly interpreted in terms of pressure or volume changes associated with magma intrusion, while minor, slower displacement can be related to shallower sources. This work focuses on the deformation history of the last 35 years and shows that ground deformation measured at Campi Flegrei since 1985 is consistent with a poroelastic response of a shallow hydrothermal system to changes in pore pressure and fluid content. The extensive literature available for Campi Flegrei allows constraining system geometry, properties, and conditions. Changes in pore pressure and fluid content necessary to cause the observed deformation can then be calculated based on the linear theory of poroelasticity. The predicted pore pressure evolution and fluid fluxes are plausible and consistent with available measurements and independent estimates.

scholarly journals Surface Temperature Multiscale Monitoring by Thermal Infrared Satellite and Ground Images at Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Caputo ◽  
Eliana Bellucci Sessa ◽  
Malvina Silvestri ◽  
Maria Fabrizia Buongiorno ◽  
Massimo Musacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Land Surface Temperature (LST) from satellite data is a key component in many aspects of environmental research. In volcanic areas, LST is used to detect ground thermal anomalies providing a supplementary tool to monitor the activity status of a particular volcano. In this work, we describe a procedure aimed at identifying spatial thermal anomalies in thermal infrared (TIR) satellite frames which are corrected for the seasonal influence by using TIR images from ground stations. The procedure was applied to the volcanic area of Campi Flegrei (Italy) using TIR ASTER and Landsat 8 satellite imagery and TIR ground images acquired from the Thermal Infrared volcanic surveillance Network (TIRNet) (INGV, Osservatorio Vesuviano). The continuous TIRNet time-series images were processed to evaluate the seasonal component which was used to correct the surface temperatures estimated by the satellite’s discrete data. The results showed a good correspondence between de-seasoned time series of surface ground temperatures and satellite temperatures. The seasonal correction of satellite surface temperatures allows monitoring of the surface thermal field to be extended to all the satellite frames, covering a wide portion of Campi Flegrei volcanic area.

Offshore ground movements in the Campi Flegrei caldera during the last ~12 ka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Marino ◽  
Luigi Ferranti ◽  
Jacopo Natale ◽  
Marco Sacchi ◽  
Marco Anzidei
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Central Dome ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera

&lt;p&gt;Appraisal of morphodepositional markers tied to ancient sea-levels in high-resolution seismic profiles together with geo-archaeological markers along the coast of the Pozzuoli Bay provided insights into the vertical deformation of the submerged part of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The collapse of the central part of the Campi Flegrei caldera is associated with the eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) at ~15 ka. The NYT caldera collapse was followed by central dome resurgence associated with alternations of fast uplift and subsidence displacements that accompanied with discrete phases of intra-caldera volcanic activity. Previously, the evolution of ground movement in the Campi Flegrei caldera has been reconstructed using marine deposits uplifted onland or archaeological evidence and historical accounts and thus offers a mainly 2D appraisal of the deformation pattern. However, a complete reconstruction of post-collapse deformation suffers of the limitation that nearly two-thirds of the caldera are submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Bay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We contribute to fill this gap by providing a reconstruction of offshore and coastal deformation through estimation of the vertical displacement of morphodepositional markers in high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and geoarchaeological markers directly surveyed at shallow depths. Our interpretation reveals the occurrence of different sediment stacking pattern whose provides evidence of rapid and oscillating ground movements. Whereas the offshore morphodepositional markers provide displacement information for the last ~12 ka, for the last ~2 ka our interpretation is supported by ancient Roman sea-level indicators. The multi-dataset analysis has allowed disentangling the signal related to the post-caldera dynamics from a broader deformation signal that affects this part of the extensional margin of the Apennines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The integration of offshore data in the study of past episodes of ground deformation, by yielding a more complete picture of the ground motions associated to the post-collapse evolution of the Campi Flegrei caldera, bears a significant contribution for a 3D reconstruction of this high-risk resurgence caldera. Besides, the multidisciplinary approach presented here can be relevant for investigations of other calderas spanning the sea-land transition.&lt;/p&gt;

A methodology to derive precise landslide displacement time series from continuous GPS observations in tectonically active and cold regions: a case study in Alaska

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1939-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
Yan Bao ◽  
Yanet Cuddus ◽  
Xueyi Jia ◽  
John Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Gps Observations

scholarly journals A 2-D FEM thermal model to simulate water flow in a porous media: Campi Flegrei caldera case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Romano ◽  
U. Tammaro ◽  
P. Capuano
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Magmatic Fluid ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Campi Flegrei Caldera ◽  
Vertical Displacements

Abstract. Volcanic and geothermal aspects both exist in many geologically young areas. In these areas the heat transfer process is of fundamental importance, so that the thermal and fluid-dynamic processes characterizing a viscous fluid in a porous medium are very important to understand the complex dynamics of the these areas. The Campi Flegrei caldera, located west of the city of Naples, within the central-southern sector of the large graben of Campanian plain, is a region where both volcanic and geothermal phenomena are present. The upper part of the geothermal system can be considered roughly as a succession of volcanic porous material (tuff) saturated by a mixture formed mainly by water and carbon dioxide. We have implemented a finite elements approach in transient conditions to simulate water flow in a 2-D porous medium to model the changes of temperature in the geothermal system due to magmatic fluid inflow, accounting for a transient phase, not considered in the analytical solutions and fluid compressibility. The thermal model is described by means of conductive/convective equations, in which we propose a thermal source represented by a parabolic shape function to better simulate an increase of temperature in the central part (magma chamber) of a box, simulating the Campi Flegrei caldera and using more recent evaluations, from literature, for the medium's parameters (specific heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity, permeability). A best-fit velocity for the permeant is evaluated by comparing the simulated temperatures with those measured in wells drilled by Agip (Italian Oil Agency) in the 1980s in the framework of geothermal exploration. A few tens of days are enough to reach the thermal steady state, showing the quick response of the system to heat injection. The increase in the pressure due to the heat transport is then used to compute ground deformation, in particular the vertical displacements characteristics of the Campi Flegrei caldera behaviour. The vertical displacements range from 1 cm to 10 cm in accordance with the mini uplift, characterizing the recent behaviour of the caldera. The time needed to move fluid particles from the bottom to the upper layer (years) is compatible with the timing of the mini uplift.

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