Abstract
The following paper focuses on the attitudes of the in-group (referred to as bilingual Veneto-Spanish speakers)
and out-group (monolingual Spanish speakers) in the bilingual community of Chipilo, Mexico. This paper has two main goals: first,
to analyse the attitudes of the out-group towards the in-group; and second, to analyse the perceived attitudes of the latter
group, who become the primary ‘determinants’ in minority language maintenance. Through 108 sociolinguistic questionnaires and 15
interviews, the following social factors were examined: ethnicity, gender, level of education, and age of the speakers. The
results showed negative attitudes perceived by the in-group, especially younger males of higher education levels, as well as
possible tensions between the two groups.
Grandparents in Minority Language Maintenance: Mandarin Chinese in Canada
