scholarly journals Transdermal Formulation Development and Topical Administration of Atenolol to Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Sumeia M. Mohamed ◽  
John Mark Christensen ◽  
Nicole LeBlanc
Author(s):  
Rakesh Tiwari ◽  
Mithun Bhowmick ◽  
Jagdish Rathi

and side effects. So the objective of the present research work is to reduce the side effects, Topical administration of drug is better for local action and the efficiency of the topically administered drug is increased with vesicles like Liposomes. Liposomes were prepared by rotator evaporation method and optimized on the basis of average vesicle size, % drug entrapment and polydispersity index. The optimized formulation was further encorpoated with gel base (carbapol gel) and characterized for their viscosity, extrudability, spreadability and drug release study. The NSAIDs is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Sulfasalazine is non steroidal anti inflammatory drug with analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory activity and it is commonly used in the treatment of acute mild to moderate pain, as well as inflammation of the joints caused by certain type of rheumatoid arthritis. The sulfasalazine drug has less bioavailability(10-30%), more dose frequency dose frequency, increase the bioavailability and  therapheutic efficacy.  So sulfasalazine is chosen for development of liposome preparation. Keywords: Liposomes, rheumatoid arthritis, sulfasalazine


Author(s):  
Anamika Saxena Saxena ◽  
Santosh Kitawat ◽  
Kalpesh Gaur ◽  
Virendra Singh

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2 as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL, drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers along with sodium alginate.


Author(s):  
Kranti Singh ◽  
Surajpal Verma ◽  
Shyam Prasad ◽  
Indu Bala

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded Eudragit RS100 nanoparticles were prepared by using w/o/w emulsification (multiple emulsification) solvent evaporation followed by drying of nanoparticles at 50°C. The nanoparticles were further incorporated into the pH-triggered in situ gel forming system which was prepared using Carbopol 940 in combination with HPMC as viscosifying agent. The developed nanoparticles was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential value and loading efficiency; nanoparticle incorporated in situ gelling system was evaluated for pH, clarity, gelling strength, rheological studies, in-vitro release studies and ex-vivo precorneal permeation studies. The nanopaticle showed the mean particle size varying between 263.5nm - 325.9 nm with the mean zeta potential value of -5.91 mV to -8.13 mV and drug loading capacity varied individually between 72.50% to 98.70% w/w. The formulation was clear with no suspended particles, showed good gelling properties. The gelling was quick and remained for longer time period. The developed formulation was therapeutically efficacious, stable and non-irritant. It provided the sustained release of drug over a period of 8-10 hours.


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