Community Case Management of Childhood Diarrhea in a Setting with Declining Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy: Findings from Cross-Sectional Studies among Primary Household Caregivers, Kenya, 2007

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%), and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% of the children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on the streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by healthcare providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

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Assessment of Saudi Mother’s Knowledge and Attitudes towards Childhood Diarrhea and Its Management

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3982

Author(s):

Sultan Alghadeer ◽

Wajid Syed ◽

Abdulaziz Alhossan ◽

Ziyad Alrabiah ◽

Salmeen D. Babelghaith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Related Information ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Health Related ◽

Simple Language ◽

Transmission Prevention

This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude of Saudi mothers towards diarrhea in their children and its management at home. Online cross-sectional validated online surveys, targeting Saudi mothers who are living in Saudi Arabia, are used to collect data from the beginning of March to the end of April 2019. Our results show that a total of 1140 mothers (52.1% of them were housewives) participated in the study. Approximately 40.3% of participating mothers believed that childhood diarrhea is a major problem in the Saudi community; however, almost 23% of the participants were unable to identify any critical sign of severe diarrhea, and around 66% falsely stated that diarrhea is caused by teething. Although 62% of our participating mothers knew about oral rehydration therapy (ORS), only 23.5% of them used it for their children. Adequate knowledge about the critical signs, causes, transmission, prevention, and management of childhood diarrhea should be applied in simple language to communicate the health-related information clearly.

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Childhood Diarrhea and its management- a community based study estimating knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi Mothers, Saudi Arabia

10.22541/au.161021791.13258276/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SULTHAN GHADEER ◽

syeed A ◽

Abdulaziz Alhossan ◽

salmeen babelghaith ◽

ziyadh Al Rabiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Online Survey ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Health Related ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Aim To demonstrate the best home care of children with diarrhea in our community by investigating certain knowledge deficiencies, specific inappropriate attitudes, and particular improper practice toward children diarrhea and its management, this study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi mothers towards diarrhea in their children and its management at home. Methods Online cross-sectional validated online survey targeting Saudi mothers who are living in Saudi Arabia was used to collect data from the beginning of March to the end of April 2019. Results A total of 1140 mothers (52.1% of them are housewives) participated in the study. About of 40.3 % of participating mothers believed that childhood diarrhea is major problem in Saudi community; however, Almost 23% of the participants were unable to identify any critical sign of sever diarrhea, and around 66% falsely stated that diarrhea is caused by teething. Although of 62 % of our participating mothers knew about the oral rehydration therapy (ORS), only 23.5 % of them used it for their children. Conclusion Adequate knowledge of mothers about the critical sings, causes, transmission, prevention, and management of childhood diarrhea should be applied in simple language to communicate the health-related information in clear manner.

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Community-Based Participatory Research and Drug Utilization Research to Improve Childhood Diarrhea Case Management in Ujjain, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.20944/preprints201905.0109.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya Mathur ◽

Devendra Baghel ◽

Jitendra Jaat ◽

Vishal Diwan ◽

Ashish Pathak

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Household Waste ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Utilization Research ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Drug Utilization Research

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%), and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% of the children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on the streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by healthcare providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

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Community-Based Participatory Research and Drug Utilization Research to improve Childhood Diarrhea Case Management in Ujjain, India: A Cross Sectional Survey

10.20944/preprints201905.0109.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya Mathur ◽

Devendra Baghel ◽

Jitendra Jaat ◽

Vishal Diwan ◽

Ashish Pathak

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Household Waste ◽

Care Providers ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Utilization Research ◽

Drug Utilization Research

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%) and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution [ORS] and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by health care providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

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Indicação da Terapia de Reidratação Oral no setor de emergência: decisão baseada na clínica?

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822010000200014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Auxiliadora Damianne P. V. da Costa ◽

Gisélia Alves P. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Case Management ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Diarrhea Case

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura acerca da indicação da terapia de reidratação oral (TRO) no contexto do Setor de Emergência, buscando fatores inerentes à formação do médico, à atitude do cuidador e, finalmente, à dinâmica do próprio serviço como determinantes à sua aplicação. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisão não-sistemática da literatura incluindo artigos originais e meta-análises, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, a partir das bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, Lilacs e SciELO, no período de 1990 a 2008. Foram utilizados os termos "oral rehydration therapy", "diarrhea case management", "emergency department" e palavras relacionadas. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Realizada em local apropriado, a TRO mostrou eficácia semelhante à terapia venosa no restabelecimento do nível de hidratação em crianças com diarreia aguda no Setor de Emergência. O tempo de formado e a experiência profissional, o conhecimento e o treinamento no manejo da diarreia aguda mostraram associação à utilização da TRO. Entretanto, relatos de inconveniência de sua administração no Setor de Emergência incluem falta de espaço físico e pressão assistencial, sugerindo, ao mesmo tempo, inadequação estrutural e uso inapropriado do serviço nesses casos. A relação com o cuidador também influencia na decisão médica, com o relato de desconfiança deste quanto à eficácia da terapia sendo citado como barreira à sua indicação. CONCLUSÕES: A subutilização da TRO no Setor de Emergência está associada a fatores extrínsecos à formação médica, como questões estruturais e fatores inerentes à relação com o cuidador diante das suas expectativas quanto à terapia.

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A study of oral rehydration therapy in childhood diarrhea

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/bf02831316 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 279-282

Author(s):

K. Indira Bai ◽

Ch. Ravi Kumar ◽

C. Ghandra Obula Reddy

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Oral Rehydration

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Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Mothers of Children under Five regarding Zinc Therapy in Childhood Diarrhea

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 169-172

Author(s):

Dipak Kumar Dhar ◽

Nilratan Majumder ◽

Debasish Paul

Keyword(s):

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Under Five ◽

Knowledge And Practice

ABSTRACT Aim Zinc is now considered as an important treatment intervention along with low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts in diarrhea. But awareness about the use of zinc remains low. The present study was conducted with an objective of assessing knowledge and practice of mothers of under-5 children about zinc supplementation in diarrhea. Materials and methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Paediatric Outpatient Department Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India, with a sample size of 700 mothers of under-5 children over 2 months. Convenience sampling technique was employed and the data were collected in a structured, interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and tests like chi-square test were used for analysis. Results Only 1.9% of all the respondents (13 out of 700) had heard about zinc therapy in diarrhea. Out of them, 11 mothers had actually used zinc in practice and 7 could tell the duration of therapy. None of them were aware of what benefit is conferred by zinc in an episode of diarrhea. An association between knowledge levels and educational status and occupation of mothers was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The study reaffirmed the abysmally low level of awareness about zinc supplementation among mothers. Therefore, health education can be used as a tool to promote knowledge and practice of zinc supplementation in diarrhea to reduce mortality and morbidity. How to cite this article Dhar DK, Majumder N, Paul D. Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Mothers of Children under Five regarding Zinc Therapy in Childhood Diarrhea. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(4):169-172.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXECUTING PROBATIONARY NON-CUSTODIAL PENALTIES IN VARIOUS RISK GROUPS CONCERNING THE RECIDIVISM OF PROBATIONERS

Probacja ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.6376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 13-43

Author(s):

Andrzej Węgliński

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Management Model ◽

Public Security ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Intensity Of Treatment ◽

The Way

Based on cross-sectional studies, this article evaluates the effectiveness of probation offi cers. The classifi cation of convicts into risk groups is intended to improve public security and adjust the type and intensity of treatment by probation offi cers to the profile of the probationers. In this way, it is possible to adjust the methodological measures used by probation offi cers to the work strategies of worldwide probation services based on the case management model. The effectiveness of supervision conducted by probation offi cers largely depends on their commitment to the resocialisation process and the way of treating probationers. The conclusions resulting from this text will be especially useful in the work of resocialisation offi cers and probation offi cers.

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Willingness to Pay for Community Health Financing: An Approach to Financing and Sustainability of Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness in Rural Communities in Niger State

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i731332 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 82-92

Author(s):

I. M. Sheshi ◽

A. Ahmed ◽

M. D. Sani ◽

Y. F. Issa ◽

B. E. Agbana

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Case Management ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

State Government ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Health Financing ◽

Community Case Management ◽

Integrated Community Case Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government

Introduction: Community based health financing mechanism is referred to as a process whereby household in a community finance or co finance the recurrent and capital cost associated with a given set of health services thereby also include management of financial scheme and organization of health services. Iccm as a strategy to providing integrated case management services for two or more illness including diarrhea, malaria, pneumonia among children from two to upto five years. It is a community approach where lay persons are trained on management of the three diseases. This approach is being funded by foreign donor. However, there was stipulated period in which this support would elapsed and the support from the state Government may not be feasible. In an attempt to source for financing of iccm, this study aim at determining the willingness of the caregiver to use Community financing approach through payment of Premium to finance this community intervention (iccm). The concept of willingness to pay is maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a given product or services. Materials and Methodology: A descriptive Cross sectional study was carried out among four hundred respondents that were selected using Multi stage sampling technique. Data was collected, coded and entered into a computer. Analysis was carried out using SPSS. Chi Square and logistic regression was used as a test of significance. Level of significance was set at Pvalue less than 0.05. Results: Twenty two percent of the respondents had good knowledge of iccm activities. Less than half of the respondents 41.3% were satisfied with iccm activities. Majority of the respondents 93.3% were willing to pay. Out of this, half of them 50.0% said they could only afford to pay less than 1000 naira per annum and 72.8% said the convenient time to pay was during the harvesting time. Factors influencing willingness to pay include Age, marital status and income level ( Pvalue <0.05). Knowledge and level of satisfaction were not influencing factors. The predictor of willingness to pay are aged 38-47 years and income of less than 5000 naira. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was willingness of the respondents to contribute for financing and sustainability of iccm in Niger State but the amount the majority of them were willing to pay was less than 1000 naira which might not able to sustain the iccm activities. There may be need for further research to determine amount needed for the annual activities and hence sustainability of iccm. The Government should show much responsibilities toward financing of iccm. Bi-apartite arrangement could be made between State Government and the Communities with iccm in place on how to share some responsibilities of iccm activities.

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