Emissions and Deposit Characteristics of a Small Diesel Engine When Operated on Preheated Crude Palm Oil

Short-term performance tests using crude palm oil (CPO) as fuel for a diesel engine showed CPO to be a suitable substitute, with a peak pressure about 5 per cent higher and an ignition delay about 3° shorter compared with diesel. Emissions of NO and CO were about 29 and 9 per cent higher respectively for CPO. However, prolonged use of CPO as fuel caused the engine performance to deteriorate. After 500 h cumulative running with CPO, the maximum power was reduced by about 20 per cent and the minimum brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) was increased by about 26 per cent. Examination of the different parts after the engine was dismantled revealed heavy carbon deposits in the combustion chamber; traces of wear on the piston rings, the plunger and the delivery valve of the injection pump; slight scuffing of the cylinder liner; and uneven spray from the nozzles. The affected parts were installed in a new identical engine one by one to evaluate the performance of each respectively. Tests revealed that the main reason for engine performance deterioration was ‘valve sticking’, caused by carbon deposits on the valve seats and stems. This resulted in leakage during the compression and power strokes and a reduced effective compression ratio and subsequently affected the power and fuel economy. Valve sticking alone contributed about 18 and 23 per cent to the deterioration in maximum power and minimum b.s.f.c. respectively.

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Comparative Evaluation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Crude Palm Oil Blends

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11502

Author(s):

Jun Cong Ge ◽

Sam Ki Yoon ◽

Jun Hee Song

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Maximum Heat ◽

Performance And Emission

Vegetable oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine has attracted much attention all over the world, and it is also expected to achieve the goal of global carbon neutrality in the future. Although the product after transesterification, biodiesel, can greatly reduce the viscosity compared with vegetable oil, the high production cost is one of the reasons for restricting its extensive development. In addition, based on the current research on biodiesel in diesel engines, it has been almost thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, crude palm oil (CPO) was directly used as an alternative fuel to be blended with commercial diesel. The combustion, engine performance and emissions were investigated on a 4-cylinder, turbocharged, common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled with different diesel-CPO blends according to various engine loads. The results show that adding CPO to diesel reduces the maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate to 30 Nm and 60 Nm. The most noteworthy finding is that the blend fuels reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke, simultaneously. On the whole, diesel fuel blended with 30% CPO by volume is the best mixing ratio based on engine performance and emission characteristics.

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Crude palm oil as a complementary fuel for power generation in Amazonia: diesel engine performance, emissions, and economic assessment

Acta Scientiarum Technology ◽

10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.43882 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e43882

Author(s):

Omar Seye ◽

Rubem Cesar Rodrigues Souza ◽

Ramon Eduardo Pereira Silva ◽

Robson Leal da Silva

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Internal Combustion Engine ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Diesel Cycle

This paper evaluates internal combustion engine performance parameters (Specific Fuel Consumption and engine torque) and pollutant emissions (O2, CO, and NOX), and also, provide an assessment of economic viability for operation in Amazonas state. Power supply to the communities in the Amazon region has as characteristics high costs for energy generation and low fare. Extractive activities include plenty of oily plant species, with potential use as biofuel for ICE (Diesel cycle) to obtain power generation together with pollutant emission reduction in comparison to fossil fuel. Experimental tests were carried out with five fuel blends (crude palm oil) and diesel, at constant angular speed (2,500 RPM – stationary regime), and four nominal engine loads (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a test bench dynamometer for an engine-driven generator for electrical-power, 4-Stroke internal combustion engine, Diesel cycle. Main conclusions are: a) SFC and torque are at the same order of magnitude for PO-00 (diesel) and PO-xx at BHP50/75/100%; b) O2 emissions show consistent decreasing behavior as BHP increases, compatible to a rich air-fuel ratio (λ > 1) and, at the same BHP condition, O2 (%) is slightly lower for higher PO-xx content; c) The CO emissions for PO-00 consistently decrease while the BHP increases, as for PO-xx those values present a non-linear behavior; at BHP75%-100_loads, CO emissions are higher for PO-20 and PO-25 in comparison to PO-00; d) The overall trend for NOX emissions is to increase, the higher the BHP; In general, NOx emissions are lower for PO-xx in comparison to PO-00, except for PO-10 which presents slightly higher values than PO-00 for all BHP range; e) Assessment on-trend costs indicates that using palm oil blends for Diesel engine-driven generators in the Amazon region is economically feasible, with an appropriate recommendation for a rated power higher than 800 kW.

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Effects of preheating of crude palm oil (CPO) on injection system, performance and emission of a diesel engine

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/s0960-1481(02)00010-1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 339-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 194

Author(s):

S. Bari ◽

T.H. Lim ◽

C.W. Yu

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Palm Oil ◽

System Performance ◽

Injection System ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Performance And Emission

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Performance of Diesel Engine Using Diesel B3 Mixed with Crude Palm Oil

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/531868 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nattapong Namliwan ◽

Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Palm Oil ◽

The Other ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Mixed Fuel ◽

Lower Torque

The objective of this study was to test the performance of diesel engine using diesel B3 mixed with crude palm oil in ratios of 95 : 5, 90 : 10, and 85 : 15, respectively, and to compare the results with diesel B3. According to the tests, they showed that the physical properties of the mixed fuel in the ratio of 95 : 5 were closest to those of diesel B3. The performance of the diesel engine that used mixed fuels had 5–17% lower torque and power than that of diesel B3. The specific fuel consumption of mixed fuels was 7–33% higher than using diesel B3. The components of gas emissions by using mixed fuel had 1.6–52% fewer amount of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxygen (O2) than those of diesel B3. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions when using mixed fuels were 10–39% higher than diesel B3. By comparing the physical properties, the performance of the engine, and the amount of gas emissions of mixed fuel, we found out that the 95 : 5 ratio by volume was a suitable ratio for agricultural diesel engine (low-speed diesel engine).

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