Justification of the Reduction Possibility of Sulfur Oxides and Fly Ash Emissions during Co-Combustion of Coal and Waste from Woodworking Enterprises

In this work, we experimentally investigated the effect of widespread biomass (woodworking waste—pine sawdust) in the composition of mixed fuel, formed also using the widespread steam coals metalignitous (D) and lean (T), on the concentration of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon oxides in flue gases. Investigations of composite fuels with a mass of at least 5 g were carried out in a reactor with continuous recording of the composition of the flue gases formed during the thermal decomposition of the investigated fuels. Thermal decomposition of fuels was carried out in the temperature range from 293 K to 873 K. It was found that an increase in the proportion of wood components in mixed fuels based on two different coals from 10% to 50% leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of sulfur oxides from 11% to 95.8% relative to the concentration of the formation of sulfur oxides in a homogeneous coal, respectively. It was found that an increase in the proportion of the wood component in the mixture with grade D coal up to 50% leads to a significant increase in the content of calcium sulfates (45.1%) and aluminum (43.2%) in the blended fuel. The increase in the content of these salts in the ash of mixed fuels based on T coal and wood is 35.1% and 38.6%, respectively. The obtained research results allowed us to conclude that woodworking wastes are an effective addition to the coals of various deposits, which would help to reduce anthropogenic-induced gas emissions when they are co-combusting in the furnaces of power boilers.

Justification of the Energy Use of Cedar Husk Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Additive for Co-Combustion with Coal

In this paper, the properties of ignition of mixed fuel pellets formed on the basis of fairly typical energy coal and wood industry waste in the form of cedar husks are experimentally established. The technical characteristics of the initial fuel components and the mixtures based on them, the ignition delay times for different mass concentrations of biomass in coal, and the composition of flue gases formed during the thermal decomposition of these mixed fuels and their base components were determined. Pellets of mixed fuels were made by a hydraulic press. The experiments were performed in an air environment at temperatures from 600 °C to 800 °C. Recording of the processes of pellet ignition and combustion was carried out using a high-speed video camera with an image format of 1024 × 1024 pixels, and a frame rate up to 500 frames per second. The analysis of the flue gas composition was performed using a Test-1 factory gas analyzer (BONER Co.). It was found that the increase in the share of biomass up to 50% in the mixed fuel led to a significant reduction in the ignition delay time to less than 1 s and the sequestration of sulfur oxide emissions by 37.6% and of nitrogen oxides by 3.8% in the studied granular mixed fuels.

The influence of wood processing waste on the technical and energy characteristics of the Maikuben coal-based mixed fuels

The manuscript presents the results of experimental studies of the energy and technical characteristics of mixed fuels based on lignite from the Maikuben basin of the Republic of Kazakhstan and wood processing waste, pine sawdust from the Tomsk LPC. The addition of wood biomass to coal is found to result in a significant reduction in the ash content of the mixed fuel (by 73.1 %) with a wood fraction equal to 50 % and a moderate reduction in calorific value (by 8.2 %) with the same concentration of biomass in the mixed fuel.

Effects of Different Mixture Ratios of Methanol-Diesel on the Performance Enhancement and Emission Reduction for a Diesel Engine

To improve the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines, methanol-diesel fuels with different mixing ratios (DM0, DM10, DM20, DM30, and DM40) were used to investigate the effects of methanol addition on the combustion and emission of a four-stroke diesel engine in terms of cylinder pressure, brake power, brake-specific fuel consumption, and nitrogen oxides, soot, and carbon monoxide emissions. Firstly, an improved entire diesel engine model was developed using AVL-BOOST software and validated by the experimental results. The results showed that the increase of methanol content in the fuel mixture had a negative impact on the performance characteristic of the diesel engine, but significantly improved the emission characteristic of the diesel engine. With the methanol ratio in the mixed fuel increased to 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, the cylinder pressure of the engine increased by 0.89%, 1.48%, 2.29%, and 3.17%, respectively. However, the power decreased by 3.76%, 6.74%, 11.35%, and 15.45%, the torque decreased by 3.76%, 6.74%, 11.35%, and 15.45%, respectively, and the brake specific fuel consumption increased by 3.77%, 6.92%, 12.33%, and 17.61%, respectively. In addition, with the methanol ratio in the mixed fuel increased to 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, the carbon monoxide emission decreased by 21.32%, 39.04%, 49.81%, and 56.59% and the soot emission decreased by 0.25%, 8.69%, 16.81%, and 25.28%, respectively. Therefore, the addition of methanol to the fuel can improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine.

ENGINELESS METHODS OF THE ESTIMATION OF OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES FUELSFOR AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Проблема и цель. В ходе проведенного обзора литературы было установлено, что между основными эксплуатационными свойствами моторного топлива и его физико-химическими показателями существуют корреляционные зависимости. Логично предположить, что подобные зависимости могут быть применимы и к альтернативному топливу. Цель исследований – определение физико-химических показателей смесевого топлива, влияющих на эксплуатационные характеристики дизельного двигателя. Объекты и методы. Объект исследований – смеси товарного дизельного топлива с рапсовым маслом холодного отжима. Исследовались физико-химические показатели смесевого топлива с различным содержанием рапсового масла. Массовая доля рапсового масла в искомой смеси варьировалось от 0 до 50 %. Для измерения показателей использовалось специализированное лабораторное оборудование – пикнометр ПЖ-2-25, лабораторные весы VIBRAAJH-620CE и рефрактометр ИРФ-454б. Ход экспериментов. Значения плотности и показателя преломления фиксировались для каждой подготовленной смеси. Данные эксперимента и последующих расчетов наносились на графики. По данным плотности и показателя преломления был построен график удельной рефракции Лорентца-Лоренца. Результаты и выводы. В результате анализа полученных данных лабораторных опытов было установлено, что некоторые выходные показатели работы ДВС на альтернативных топливах могут существенно зависеть от физических показателей, измеренных в ходе эксперимента, что позволяет найти корреляционные зависимости между ними. В качестве экспресс-метода оценки эксплуатационных свойств двигателя предложено использовать удельную рефракцию, так как она проста в определении, не зависит от внешних условий и позволяет использовать её на месте эксплуатации. Problem and purpose. In the course of the literature review, it was found that there are correlations between the main operational properties of motor fuel and its physicochemical indicators. It is logical to assume that similar dependences can be applied to alternative fuels. The purpose of the research is to determine the physicochemical parameters of the mixed fuel that affect the performance of a diesel engine. Objects and Methods. The object of research is a mixture of commercial diesel fuel with cold-pressed rapeseed oil. The physicochemical parameters of mixed fuel with different rapeseed oil content were studied. The mass fraction of rapeseed oil in the desired mixture varied from 0% to 50%. To measure the indicators, specialized laboratory equipment was used - a PZh-2-25 pycnometer, a VIBRAAJH-620CE laboratory balance and an IRF-454b refractometer. The course of experiments. The values of density and refractive index were recorded for each prepared mixture. The experimental data and subsequent calculations were plotted on graphs. Based on the density and refractive index data, a graph of the Lorentz-Lorentz specific refraction was plotted. Results and conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data of laboratory experiments, it was found that some output indicators of the ICE operation on alternative fuels can significantly depend on the physical indicators measured during the experiment, which makes it possible to find correlations between them. As an express method for assessing the operational properties of the engine, it is proposed to use the specific refraction, since it is easy to determine, does not depend on external conditions and allows it to be used at the site of operation.

USE OF BUTANOL IN DIESEL ENGINES AS A MOTOR FUEL

The article presents the results of computer modeling and experimental research of the effect of butanol content in the fuel on the specific power, fuel-economic and environmental performance of 4ЧН 11/12.5 (4ChN 11/12.5) diesel engine at various cycle fuel supplies and exhaust gas recirculation rates. The research has been carried out at crankshaft speeds of 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, 2,000 and 2,200 rpm with 25, 50, 75 and 100 % load. Fuels with butanol content of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 % by volume have been investigated. The computer model of the diesel working process has been developed that takes into account the physical and chemical properties of the fuel, the characteristics of the fuel flow in the nozzle tip and the development of fuel sprays in the combustion chamber. Based on the results of computer modeling, dependencies have been determined that make it possible to assess the effect of the percentage of butanol in mixed fuel on the mean indicator pressure, specific fuel consumption, indicator efficiency, emissions of nitrogen oxides and dynamic indicators of the combustion process when choosing the composition of mixed butanol-containing fuel. Based on the conducted research, the following composition of mixed fuel has been selected: 85 % diesel fuel and 15 % butanol. Comparative tests of the diesel engine have been carried out when working on the external speed characteristic on diesel fuel and its mixture with 15 % butanol. It is obtained that when using mixed fuel, the character of the power change remains unchanged, the exhaust smoke decreases, nitrogen oxides emissions decrease at crankshaft speeds of 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, and 2,200 rpm, and the effective engine efficiency remains practically unchanged.