scholarly journals Performance of Diesel Engine Using Diesel B3 Mixed with Crude Palm Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattapong Namliwan ◽  
Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Lower Torque

The objective of this study was to test the performance of diesel engine using diesel B3 mixed with crude palm oil in ratios of 95 : 5, 90 : 10, and 85 : 15, respectively, and to compare the results with diesel B3. According to the tests, they showed that the physical properties of the mixed fuel in the ratio of 95 : 5 were closest to those of diesel B3. The performance of the diesel engine that used mixed fuels had 5–17% lower torque and power than that of diesel B3. The specific fuel consumption of mixed fuels was 7–33% higher than using diesel B3. The components of gas emissions by using mixed fuel had 1.6–52% fewer amount of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxygen (O2) than those of diesel B3. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions when using mixed fuels were 10–39% higher than diesel B3. By comparing the physical properties, the performance of the engine, and the amount of gas emissions of mixed fuel, we found out that the 95 : 5 ratio by volume was a suitable ratio for agricultural diesel engine (low-speed diesel engine).

scholarly journals Comparison between PEE10 and PEE10-Bioethanol Blends on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a HSDI Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Ekkachai Sutheerasak ◽  
Charoen Chinwanitcharoen ◽  
Sathaporn Chuepeng
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency

Biofuels are an alternative fuel currently being developed to reduce the diesel-engine environmental impact. The release of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO) and black smoke (BS) becomes an issue derived from diesel engines even in lean-mixture combustion causing an adverse effect to human health. The main aim of the research study is to present the use of biofuels, a mixture of diesel and 10 % palm oil ethyl ester (PEE10) and PEE10 blended with bioethanol from 5 to 20 %, compared with conventional diesel fuel. The biofuels were run on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine at a constant speed of 3,000 rpm under various loads. The use of PEE10 resulted in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduction by 2 % and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) incrementation by 8 %, but the exhaust emissions were lower than diesel, except for CO2 and NO. However, PEE10 engine performance was better and exhaust gas emissions were lower for both pollutants than diesel mixed with 10 % bioethanol. The investigation of PEE10 with increasing bioethanol revealed that the use of PEE10 blended with 5 % bioethanol (PEE10E5) can improve engine performance, while the BTE and BSFC were close to that of diesel, and exhaust emissions, especially CO2, NO and BS reduced. Moreover, BTE from PEE10E5 fueling increased by 2 % but BSFC was subtle increased, compared to PEE10. On the other hand, the increasing bioethanol from 10 to 20 % in PEE10 led to the more reduction in engine performance, but the engine pollutants were also continuously decreased. Specifically, the blend of PEE10 and 20 % bioethanol indicates that CO2, NO and BS were reduced by 10, 15 and 33 %, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. HIGHLIGHTS A mixture of diesel and 10 % palm oil ethyl ester (PEE10) has less exhaust emissions than diesel blended with 10 % palm oil methyl ester (PME10) PEE10 blended with 5 % bioethanol can improve engine performance, while the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption are close to that of diesel and PME10 The increasing bioethanol from 10 to 20 % in PEE10 leads to the more reduction in engine performance, but the engine pollutants, especially carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and black smoke, are also continuously decreased GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Analysis of pre-heated crude palm oil, palm oil methyl ester and its blends as fuel in a diesel engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deepanraj ◽  
P. Lawrence ◽  
R. Sivashankar ◽  
V. Sivasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crude Palm Oil

Performance deterioration and durability issues while running a diesel engine with crude palm oil

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bari ◽  
C W Yu ◽  
T H Lim
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Deposits ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Performance Deterioration

Short-term performance tests using crude palm oil (CPO) as fuel for a diesel engine showed CPO to be a suitable substitute, with a peak pressure about 5 per cent higher and an ignition delay about 3° shorter compared with diesel. Emissions of NO and CO were about 29 and 9 per cent higher respectively for CPO. However, prolonged use of CPO as fuel caused the engine performance to deteriorate. After 500 h cumulative running with CPO, the maximum power was reduced by about 20 per cent and the minimum brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) was increased by about 26 per cent. Examination of the different parts after the engine was dismantled revealed heavy carbon deposits in the combustion chamber; traces of wear on the piston rings, the plunger and the delivery valve of the injection pump; slight scuffing of the cylinder liner; and uneven spray from the nozzles. The affected parts were installed in a new identical engine one by one to evaluate the performance of each respectively. Tests revealed that the main reason for engine performance deterioration was ‘valve sticking’, caused by carbon deposits on the valve seats and stems. This resulted in leakage during the compression and power strokes and a reduced effective compression ratio and subsequently affected the power and fuel economy. Valve sticking alone contributed about 18 and 23 per cent to the deterioration in maximum power and minimum b.s.f.c. respectively.

scholarly journals RSPO Certification Impacts on Oil Palm Smallholders’ Welfare in Jambi Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dompak MT Napitupulu ◽  
NFN Rosyani ◽  
Ernawati HD ◽  
Rukaiyah Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
World Demand

<p>World demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) consistently increases. On the other hand, CPO market moves slowly probably due to Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. International trade system requires large CPO producers to have a RSPO Certificate as one of requirements for exporting their product. It is expected that this requirement will also be applied immediately to smallholding oil palm plantations. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of RSPO certification on improving oil-palm smallholders’ welfare in Jambi Province. Data collected in this study were analyzed using both descriptive and quantitative methods. Results of the study showed that RSPO certification, in several aspects, significantly improved farmers’’ wealth, timely availability of input factors, oil palm yield, processing and marketing, and CSR financial support. It also indicates that oil palm plantation companies tend to give preferential treatment in transaction process with farmers having RSPO certificates.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Permintaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dunia pada dasarnya mengalami peaingkatan secara konsisten, namun pasar CPO cenderung mengalami kelesuan yang diduga sangat berkaitan dengan sertifikasi Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).  Sistem perdagangan internasional mengharuskan produsen CPO untuk memiliki sertifikat RSPO sebelum memasarkan produk ke luar negeri. Dapat diduga bahwa kewajiban memiliki sertifikat RSPO tidak akan hanya terbatas kepada pengusaha perkebunan besar, namun lambat laun akan juga diwajibkan untuk dimiliki oleh setiap pengusaha kebun kelapa sawit termasuk petani rakyat swadaya. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis manfaat sertifikasi RSPO terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani kelapa sawit swadaya di Provinsi Jambi. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan statistik nonparametrik. Sertifikasi RSPO dalam beberapa aspek telah dapat dirasakan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani khususnya dalam hal ketersediaan input produksi secara tepat waktu, peningkatan produktivitas, pengolahan hasil dan pemasaran, serta dukungan dana CSR dari perusahaan inti. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit cenderung memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan transaksi kepada kelompok tani yang sudah memiliki sertifikat RSPO.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal composition of mixed fuel based on the environmental performance of a diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
S.A. Plotnikov ◽  
◽  
Sh.V. Buzikov ◽  
I.S. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The use of rapeseed oil (RO) in tractor engines and other agricultural machinery in its pure form or a mixture of RO with diesel fuel (DF) imposes a number of limitations associated with some dif-ference in physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the most promising is the use of mixed fuel (MF) consisting of DF and RO. The purpose of these studies is to determine the optimal composi-tion of the MF, consisting of DF and RM by optimizing the approximated dependences of the envi-ronmental indicators of a diesel engine. To solve this problem, bench tests of the operation of the D-245.5S diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5) were carried out. The following determined environmental performance indicators of a diesel engine are selected: soot (С), nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (CxHy), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The studies were carried out on various compositions of MF, consisting of 80% DF and 20% RO, 55% DF and 45% RO, 20% DF and 80% RO by weight, respectively. As a result of the bench tests, two load characteris-tics were obtained, the one at a speed of n = 1400 min-1 corresponding to the value of the maximum torque, and the second at a speed of n = 1800 min-1 corresponding to the value of the rated power, as well as the external speed characteristic of the D-245.5S tractor diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5). The analysis of the obtained experimental data revealed the dependence of environmental indicators on the rotational speed of the diesel engine crankshaft, the average effective pressure and the addi-tion of RO in MF by weight. Using the least squares method, the approximated mathematical de-pendences of the ecological indicators of a diesel engine are determined. The analysis of the ob-tained dependencies showed that: the increase in the crankshaft speed n, the proportion of RO in MF and a decrease in the average effective pressure pe, leads to a decrease in soot С to 4.0%, nitro-gen oxides NOx to 100.0 ppm, unburned hydrocarbons CxHy to 1.0 ppm, carbon dioxide, CO2 up to 2%, and an increase in carbon monoxide CO up to 0.16%. As a result of solving the obtained system of equations for the approximated dependences of environmental indicators, the optimal addition of RO to MF of up to 35% by weight was determined.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Crude Palm Oil Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11502
Author(s):  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Sam Ki Yoon ◽  
Jun Hee Song
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Performance And Emission

Vegetable oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine has attracted much attention all over the world, and it is also expected to achieve the goal of global carbon neutrality in the future. Although the product after transesterification, biodiesel, can greatly reduce the viscosity compared with vegetable oil, the high production cost is one of the reasons for restricting its extensive development. In addition, based on the current research on biodiesel in diesel engines, it has been almost thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, crude palm oil (CPO) was directly used as an alternative fuel to be blended with commercial diesel. The combustion, engine performance and emissions were investigated on a 4-cylinder, turbocharged, common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled with different diesel-CPO blends according to various engine loads. The results show that adding CPO to diesel reduces the maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate to 30 Nm and 60 Nm. The most noteworthy finding is that the blend fuels reduce the emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke, simultaneously. On the whole, diesel fuel blended with 30% CPO by volume is the best mixing ratio based on engine performance and emission characteristics.

scholarly journals Crude palm oil as a complementary fuel for power generation in Amazonia: diesel engine performance, emissions, and economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43882
Author(s):  
Omar Seye ◽  
Rubem Cesar Rodrigues Souza ◽  
Ramon Eduardo Pereira Silva ◽  
Robson Leal da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Cycle

This paper evaluates internal combustion engine performance parameters (Specific Fuel Consumption and engine torque) and pollutant emissions (O2, CO, and NOX), and also, provide an assessment of economic viability for operation in Amazonas state. Power supply to the communities in the Amazon region has as characteristics high costs for energy generation and low fare. Extractive activities include plenty of oily plant species, with potential use as biofuel for ICE (Diesel cycle) to obtain power generation together with pollutant emission reduction in comparison to fossil fuel. Experimental tests were carried out with five fuel blends (crude palm oil) and diesel, at constant angular speed (2,500 RPM – stationary regime), and four nominal engine loads (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a test bench dynamometer for an engine-driven generator for electrical-power, 4-Stroke internal combustion engine, Diesel cycle. Main conclusions are: a) SFC and torque are at the same order of magnitude for PO-00 (diesel) and PO-xx at BHP50/75/100%; b) O2 emissions show consistent decreasing behavior as BHP increases, compatible to a rich air-fuel ratio (λ > 1) and, at the same BHP condition, O2 (%) is slightly lower for higher PO-xx content; c) The CO emissions for PO-00 consistently decrease while the BHP increases, as for PO-xx those values present a non-linear behavior; at BHP75%-100_loads, CO emissions are higher for PO-20 and PO-25 in comparison to PO-00; d) The overall trend for NOX emissions is to increase, the higher the BHP; In general, NOx emissions are lower for PO-xx in comparison to PO-00, except for PO-10 which presents slightly higher values than PO-00 for all BHP range; e) Assessment on-trend costs indicates that using palm oil blends for Diesel engine-driven generators in the Amazon region is economically feasible, with an appropriate recommendation for a rated power higher than 800 kW.

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