A baseline case was created for the following behavior of heavy-truck drivers with the use of naturalistic driving data to support the development of automated platooning. A truck platoon is a string of trucks following each other in the same lane at short distances. Grouping vehicles in platoons can increase capacity on roads, save significant fuel, reduce emissions, and potentially result in improved safety. However, these benefits can be realized only if the platoons operate in an automated, coordinated manner. Because little literature of truck following behavior exists to support the development of such truck platoons, this research focused on how closely trucks follow other vehicles on highways under various environmental conditions, how closely a truck follows a leading vehicle when other vehicles cut in between, and the safety impact of following at different headways. Findings indicate that trucks follow other vehicles at an average headway of about 2 s overall, and those headways are shorter when following a passenger car rather than a heavy truck, on state highways rather than on Interstates, in clear weather rather than in rain or snow, and during the day rather than during at night. Vehicles usually do not cut in when a truck is following another vehicle at less than 25-m (82-ft) or 1.0-s headway. For manual response times, the rear-end crash risk increases considerably at headways of less than 1.0 s; for automated response times, crash risk is almost negligible at headways as low as 0.5 s.
Naturalistic Study of Truck Following Behavior
