Creation of OBD Limit Motorcycle Catalysts Using Different Ageing Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Mc Grane ◽  
Roy Douglas ◽  
Kurtis Irwin ◽  
Andrew Pedlow ◽  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ageing Methods

Determining the most efficient method of age determination for estimating the age structure of a fish population

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Worthington ◽  
A. J. Fowler ◽  
P. J. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Pomacentrus Moluccensis ◽  
Ageing Methods

Less precise, but economic methods for estimating the age of individual fish can provide better estimates of age structure than precise, but expensive methods. The benefits of using a precise ageing method can be compromised by its cost, which may restrict the size of the sample aged. If sample size is restricted, the effect of sampling error on an age structure may be greater than the effect of ageing error from a less precise ageing method that does not restrict sample size. We used Monte Carlo simulations to assess the relative size of sampling and ageing errors when estimating the age structure of populations of Pomacentrus moluccensis from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Sampling error associated with ageing less than 200 individuals was, on average, larger than the effects of most commonly reported ageing errors. Other factors that may complicate this comparison of ageing methods involve the financial cost of different methods and the logistics of sampling more fish.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Telomere Length in the Deep-Sea Shark, Etmopterus granulosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Nehmens ◽  
Rebecca M. Varney ◽  
Alexis M. Janosik ◽  
David A. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ageing Methods

The history of elasmobranch ageing highlights the difficulty of age estimation in animals lacking ossified structures. Ageing techniques are numerous, yet all are limited by difficulties of validation and verification and inherent subjectivity. Sample scarcity further hinders progress as limited samples cannot be risked on exploratory techniques. This study explored the use of genetic analysis of telomeres as a method of age determination in a deep-sea shark, Etmopterus granulosus, a representative of a poorly studied taxon with regard to ageing due to sample scarcity. Telomeres were amplified in 39 individuals with qPCR, compared across samples, and were found to differ across size classes. More work is needed to determine whether telomeres consistently correlate with size class across elasmobranchs. However, telomeres offer easily obtainable data that can be combined with traditional methods to provide additional points of comparison for elasmobranch biology. Our results underscore the importance of expanding current ageing methods and highlight a necessary distinction between chronological and biological ages when describing elasmobranch populations.

Accelerated Ageing Mediated Seed Longevity Prediction and Assessment of Seed Deterioration Pattern through 2D-Gel Electrophoresis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivasharanappa S. Patil ◽  
Ashok S. Sajjan ◽  
N.K. Biradarpatil ◽  
P.U. Krishnaraj ◽  
I.S. Katageri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Natural Ageing ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Germination Potential ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Ageing Methods

Background: Accelerated ageing is a method to assess seed storage performance by exposing the seeds to higher temperature and relative humidity to make seeds lose its vigour and viability quickly. The seed physiological parameters are then compared with the natural ageing to derive certain conclusions. But, the molecular pattern of seed deterioration under accelerated ageing varies compared to that of natural ageing.Methods: Chickpea, seed lots of variety JG-11 and Annigeri-1 were subjected to natural ageing in cloth bag with nine per cent initial seed moisture under ambient conditions. Simultaneously, representative sample of same seed lot were also aged at 41oC and 95±2% humidity up to 120 hours.Result: Both the ageing methods had significant negative effect on seed physiological and biochemical quality parameters. The germination potential of seeds tested after 48 hours of accelerated ageing (83.5%) was equal 10 months of natural ageing (85%) in JG-11, while also in Annigeri-1, 48 hours of accelerated ageing (78%) was nearly equal to 10 months of natural ageing (80%). The protein expression analyzed through 2D-PAGE at similar germination potential brought out by two independent ageing methods showed higher protein down regulation ratio (3.4) in accelerated ageing than in natural ageing (3.2) unveiling its rapidity in the seed deterioration process. Therefore, accelerated ageing can be used for predicting chickpea seed longevity.

Environmental Conditions Effect for Adhesive Connections in Glass Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Klára Machalická ◽  
Martina Eliášová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Structural Glass ◽  
Glue Joint ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Adhesive Connections ◽  
The One ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Glued Joints ◽  
Ageing Methods

Load-bearing joints of glass structures belong to the one of new applications of adhesive connections in civil engineering. They provide several important benefits particularly even stress distribution along the contact depending on geometry and stiffness of the glue joint, which is crucial for brittle glass. There is a lack of knowledge about semi-flexible or semi-rigid adhesive connections in the structural glass field and durability is one of the essential properties that have to be assessed during design-process of bonded connection. An extensive research focused on shear glued joints in glass structures was performed at CTU in Prague, which also comprised environmental effect simulation on the glued specimens in laboratory accelerated conditions. The paper is dedicated to impact of ageing to the specimens and their mechanical properties together with brief overview of available laboratory ageing methods.

A new ageing method for eggs of fish species with daily spawning synchronicity

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2330-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bernal ◽  
D L Borchers ◽  
L Valdés ◽  
A Lago de Lanzós ◽  
S T Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Spawning Frequency ◽  
Resampling Method ◽  
Daily Spawning ◽  
Ageing Methods

A new method for ageing staged eggs of fish is presented. The method is intended for species that show spawning synchronicity and for which the egg phase can be classified into development stages, each of which lasts less than a day, such as sardines and anchovies. It combines biological information on the daily frequency of spawning and egg development rates, via a probabilistic resampling method. A general methodology that allows the use of models of daily spawning frequency and egg development as a function of temperature is provided and applied to sardine egg data from three surveys in northern Spain. Unlike previous ageing methods, the proposed method allows for the variability of egg ages in a way that reflects the extent of the assumed daily spawning period, and estimates of the uncertainty in the stage-to-age conversion can be obtained. These estimates of uncertainty can be incorporated into subsequent analyses that involve age as a covariate, such as in the daily egg production method (DEPM), thus allowing more reliable estimates of the variance of egg production.

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