Shape Optimization of the Wire Cross Section of Helical Springs

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Imaizumi ◽  
Teiichi Ohkouchi ◽  
Syouji Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Helical Springs ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire

scholarly journals Shape optimization of the wire cross section of a helical spring.

1991 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Teiichi OOKOUCHI ◽  
Toshiyuki IMAIZUMI ◽  
Syouju ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Helical Spring ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire

Shape optimization of the wire cross section of a helical spring.

1989 ◽  
Vol 55 (517) ◽  
pp. 2033-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teiichi OOKOUCHI ◽  
Toshiyuki IMAIZUMI ◽  
Syouji ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Helical Spring ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire

scholarly journals Shape Optimization of the Wire Cross Section of a Helical Spring. Study on Shapes of Inner and Outer Boundaries of Wire with a Hole.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (546) ◽  
pp. 544-551
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki IMAIZUMI ◽  
Teiichi OOKOUCHI ◽  
Shouji ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Helical Spring ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire

Elastic–plastic deformation and residual stresses in helical springs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-475
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kobelev
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Helical Springs ◽  
First Case ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
The Wire

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the method for the calculation of residual stress and enduring deformation of helical springs. Design/methodology/approach For helical compression or tension springs, a spring wire is twisted. In the first case, the torsion of the straight bar with the circular cross-section is investigated, and, for derivations, the StVenant’s hypothesis is presumed. Analogously, for the torsion helical springs, the wire is in the state of flexure. In the second case, the bending of the straight bar with the rectangular cross-section is studied and the method is based on Bernoulli’s hypothesis. Findings For both cases (compression/tension of torsion helical spring), the closed-form solutions are based on the hyperbolic and on the Ramberg–Osgood material laws. Research limitations/implications The method is based on the deformational formulation of plasticity theory and common kinematic hypotheses. Practical implications The advantage of the discovered closed-form solutions is their applicability for the calculation of spring length or spring twist angle loss and residual stresses on the wire after the pre-setting process without the necessity of complicated finite-element solutions. Social implications The formulas are intended for practical evaluation of necessary parameters for optimal pre-setting processes of compression and torsion helical springs. Originality/value Because of the discovery of closed-form solutions and analytical formulas for the pre-setting process, the numerical analysis is not necessary. The analytical solution facilitates the proper evaluation of the plastic flow in torsion, compression and bending springs and improves the manufacturing of industrial components.

Guidelines for 3D printed springs using material extrusion

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacco Enea ◽  
Seung Ki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Helical Springs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose Springs are an integral part of mechanisms and can benefit from additive manufacturing’s (AM) increased design freedom. Given the limited literature on the subject, the purpose of this paper is to develop guidelines for fabricating helical springs using three-dimensional (3D) printing. Design/methodology/approach Polylactic acid (PLA) is the main material investigated, with ULTEM™ 9085 used as a comparison. The experimental procedure is to vary the spring parameters, print the springs and test them in tension or compression using constant velocity. Plots of the force and displacement are used to measure the linear and post-deformation spring constants. Loading of the springs is done both to breakage and cyclically. Cyclic loading is also used to observe the plastic behaviour of the springs. Parameters that are varied include wire and coil diameters, pitch, wire cross-section, in-fill and layer height. Findings A square wire cross-section is used, instead of a circle because it produces more consistent coils. In-fills make no significant difference in the elastic stiffness of the springs but the mono in-fill breaks at a greater extension, so it is recommended. Tension and compression springs are confirmed to behave the same when in the elastic regime. ULTEM™ 9085 produces consistently weaker springs compared to PLA. Variation of layer height shows that thinner layers increase the stiffness of the springs. Originality/value This study investigates the behaviour of 3D printed helical springs in tension and compression. Three guidelines are created: square wire cross-section, mono-directional in-fill and thin layers are recommended.

scholarly journals Research of the influence of highcarbon steel wire drawing speed on stresses and deformations on wire cross section

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Bobarikin ◽  
Yu. V. Martyanov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Rate ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Residual Stresses And Strains

The parameters of wire production affecting the distribution of residual stresses and strains on the wire cross section are considered. It is determined that the modes of coarse drawing can affect the complex of mechanical properties of thin wire due to the uneven distribution of equivalent stresses and strains. The rough drawing speed is chosen as the investigated parameter.The effect of the coarse drawing rate of high-carbon steel wire on the distribution of equivalent residual stresses and strains over the wire cross section is studied by numerical simulation of wire drawing at different speeds by the finite element method. The values of equivalent residual stresses for the selected drawing route along the wire cross-section zones are determined. The analysis of the equivalent stress distribution over the wire cross section is made.It is shown that the increase in the speed of coarse drawing increases the uniformity of the distribution of equivalent residual stresses, does not have a negative effect on the deformed state of the wire, increases the absolute values of equivalent residual stresses, slightly reduces the absolute values of residual deformations.

Formation features of structure of wire made of austenitic-martensitic trip-steel VNS9-Sh during drawing

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
T.G. Sevalnev ◽  
◽  
V.F. Terentev ◽  
G.S. Sevalnev ◽  
I.I. Vlasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Structural Phase Transformations

Structural-phase transformations in various sections of austenitic wire rod made of martensitic trip-steel VNS9-Sh (23Kh15N6AM3-Sh) at various stages of cold drawing are discussed. It was found that the structure of the near-surface layers of the wire with a diameter of 0.36 mm is completely austenitic. Based on the results of computer simulation of the stress distribution in the wire cross section, an assumption was made about the nature of the formation of such a structure.

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