Vehicle Accident Analysis and Reconstruction Methods

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mason ◽  
Raymond M Brach ◽  
Matthew Brach
Keyword(s):  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Vehicle Sensors ◽  
Scientific Engineering

In this third edition of Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods, Raymond M. Brach and R. Matthew Brach have expanded and updated their essential work for professionals in the field of accident reconstruction. Most accidents can be reconstructed effectively using of calculations and investigative and experimental data: the authors present the latest scientific, engineering, and mathematical reconstruction methods, providing a firm scientific foundation for practitioners. Accidents that cannot be reconstructed using the methods in this book are rare. In recent decades, the field of crash reconstruction has been transformed through the use of technology. The advent of event data records (EDRs) on vehicles signaled the era of modern crash reconstruction, which utilizes the same physical evidence that was previously available as well as electronic data that are measured/captured before, during, and after the collision. There is increased demand for more professional and accurate reconstruction as more crash data is available from vehicle sensors. The third edition of this essential work includes a new chapter on the use of EDRs as well as examples using EDR data in accident reconstruction. Early chapters feature foundational material that is necessary for the understanding of vehicle collisions and vehicle motion; later chapters present applications of the methods and include example reconstructions. As a result, Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods remains the definitive resource in accident reconstruction.

A Method for Reconstructing Vehicle - Vehicle Impact Accidents Based on Pc-Crash

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Zhang ◽  
Jian Min Xu ◽  
Tie Fang Zou ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Scene Reconstruction ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Drive Model ◽  
Accident Scene

To reconstruct accident succinctly and scientifically, four steps of vehicle-vehicle impact accident reconstruction based on Pc-Crash were discussed, including accident scene reconstruction, vehicle modeling, accident reconstruction, result analysis and verification. Three accident scene reconstruction methods were proposed. Key attention was paid to methods which can reduce difficulties of accident reconstruction, such as drive model, equivalent energy speed (EES) database and collision optimizer. Finally, a case study was conducted, which confirmed that the proposed four steps can simplify vehicle-vehicle accident reconstruction while maintaining satisfying objectivity and reliability. This paper can contribute to the better application of Pc-Crash to traffic accident reconstruction.

Probabilistic Inverse Simulation and its Application in Vehicle Accident Reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Xiaoping Du
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Direct Simulation ◽  
Inverse Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Simulation Output ◽  
Simulation Input ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Joint Probability Density

Inverse simulation is an inverse process of direct simulation. It determines unknown input variables of the direct simulation for a given set of simulation output variables. Uncertainties usually exist, making it difficult to solve inverse simulation problems. The objective of this research is to account for uncertainties in inverse simulation in order to produce high confidence in simulation results. The major approach is the use of the maximum likelihood methodology, which determines not only unknown deterministic input variables but also the realizations of random input variables. Both types of variables are solved on the condition that the joint probability density of all the random variables is maximum. The proposed methodology is applied to a traffic accident reconstruction problem where the simulation output (accident consequences) is known and the simulation input (velocities of the vehicle at the beginning of crash) is sought.

scholarly journals The comparison of vehicle headlamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032014
Author(s):  
Jakub Motl ◽  
Albert Bradáč ◽  
Filip Suchomel ◽  
Kateřina Bucsuházy
Keyword(s):  
Image Data ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Luminance Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
The Right ◽  
Model Year

Abstract The aim of this article is the comparison of vehicle headlamps in terms of pedestrians' visibility at nighttime conditions. The study was designed to gain results, which could serve as a basis for the pedestrian-vehicle accident analysis in terms of visibility during night drive. For this study were used comparable vehicles (same vehicle type and model year) with different headlamps type. Three different headlamps (halogen, xenon and LED headlamps) were used for the analysis. Experiments were carried out under similar conditions (straight road, nighttime, no disturbing factors). During a series of static tests, the vehicle approached at predefined distances to the figurant - pedestrian standing on the right side of the roadway. For the luminance analysis were used Luminance Distribution Analyser LumiDISP - software for analysing the luminance conditions based on evaluation of image data from digital photos.

Analysis of Common Accident Reconstruction Operations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Input Space ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Physical Evidence

Accidents occur when the circumstances (i.e. the inputs) leading up to an accident map through the physical processes involved, to produce an undesirable result, namely the accident (i.e., the outputs). What the accident reconstructionist has to work with is the evidence left behind, and he then strives to determine the circumstances that led to the accident, based upon that evidence. In accident investigation there is often a deficit of physical evidence, and it is impossible, based on the available physical evidence alone, to pinpoint the circumstances that led to the accident. In practice, computer programs are often used to run simulations to find a set (or sets) of circumstances that is consistent with the evidence, and then the discovered set (or sets) of circumstances is presented as the answer. But this approach ignores some important questions related to whether the mapping being used (e.g., the computer simulation) is invertible and whether the circumstances leading to the evidence can be identified in a unique way, or whether the mapping is not invertible and the most that can be achieved is to identify whole sets in the input space of circumstances that might have led to the accident. Analysis offers the tools to probe such questions.

Reconstruction of an Unusual Road Traffic Accident Using Two Different Versions of a Simulation Program

2016 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Iuliu Gönczi ◽  
Adrian Cipleu ◽  
Liviu Mihon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Crash Tests

In most of the cases of a road traffic accident reconstruction, the usage of traditional reconstruction methods represents the basic set of tools, but in an ever increasing number of cases, computer simulation is used for control the results or vice versa. In some cases, traditional methods, based on linear momentum conservation, energy conservation and assessment of deformation of the vehicles or experimental results of crash tests are not suitable because of the highly unusual character of the collision. The paper deals with one case of this type in which the pedestrian was cut in two parts.

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