Geographical Distribution of Emergency Services Times in Traffic Accidents in Extremadura

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To analyze the response time and transport time taken by the emergency medical services (EMS), considering their urban or rural location, to attend traffic accident casualties that occurred in the different geographical areas of Extremadura (Spain) from 2012 to 2015. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a cross-sectional study of the data recorded by the Emergency Response Coordination Center 112 (ERCC-112) from traffic accidents attended by EMS. Response time was defined as the time elapsed from the request-for-care receipt until arrival of the EMS at the accident scene, and transport time as that from leaving the scene until arrival to the referral hospital. Rural EMS were those based in locations where there is no hospital, and urban EMS those located in towns or cities with a hospital. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the 4-year period studied, 5,572 traffic accidents requested assistance through the ERCC-112. From the 2,875 accidents (51.9%) in which EMS were mobilized, 55.4% occurred in urban roads and the remaining in interurban ones. A total of 113 people (mean age 48.4 ± 19.0 years, range 15–84 years) died at the accident scene or before arrival to the hospital, 88.5% of them in interurban accidents. The average response time of urban and rural EMS was 10.7 ± 7.3 and 18.0 ± 12.6 min (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), respectively, and the average transport time was 13.2 ± 11.7 and 45.2 ± 25.0 min (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Response time was longer than the 30-min optimum only in the most peripheral areas of Extremadura, while transport time exceeded the optimum of 90 min in the eastern regions of two health areas (Cáceres and Don Benito-Villanueva). 19.1% of the victims attended by rural EMS were classified as having a serious prognosis or as having died, as compared with 11.2% (<i>p</i> = 0.048) of those attended by urban EMS. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The geographical location of EMS in Extremadura (Spain) guarantees adequate response times in traffic accidents, both in rural and urban areas. However, recommended transport times were occasionally exceeded in the most peripheral areas, due to hospital location.

Lessons Learned of Tehran-Zahedan Train Derail, Iran, 2019

Background: There has been a significant increase in the number of train crashes worldwide, mainly due to the extension of the rail network and the use of the most sophisticated and cutting-edge technology. Incident Report: The Tehran-Zahedan train had 260 passengers on board and left for Tehran City at 14:50 local time on Wednesday, September 25, 2019. The accident happened at 16:20 local time at 100 km distance from Zahedan City. Results: Five train cars derailed 2 km from Shorou Station, where four people died, and 157 were injured. According to the investigations, the accident occurred due to the unscrewing of some bolts and spring washers. There were 170-180 screws and spring washers removed along 50-60 m, which resulted in the creation of a dangerous point and derailment of the train. This study examined the challenges, strengths, and learned lessons of the incident. Conclusion: Concerning standard and vast rail networks in Iran and the latest train crashes that mainly occurred just outside the cities, accessibility to the accident scene should be considered one of the most important physical vulnerability indexes. As a result, accessibility to special firefighting and rail rescue train car at some stations in crowded routes effectively decreases the consequences of such accidents.

Fire Fighting Robot using IOT

Fire accidents are undesirable event which emits heat, smoke or flame. Fire accident can cause a huge number of loss because of the danger and risk involved in rescuing victims out of the fire. In everyday life, it is not possible to always rely on human patrol for detecting and extinguishing fire at a fire accident scene. Fire fighting Robot is very effective in detecting fire accidents in industrial and residential areas where fire possibilities are high. In order to achieve this, this robot is used to detect a flame locate it and extinguishes the fire immediately before it leads to a dangerous accident. In case of risky situations, firefighting robot effectively find the fire and suppresses it. Effective monitoring, fire identification and extinguishing of fire are the problems to be solved. Our project is designed to solve those problems. Fireman can send commands to robot through raspberry pi module which is mounted on robot itself. Sprinkler start sprinkling water when it detects fire using sensor.

Feature Extraction of Broken Glass Cracks in Road Traffic Accident Site Based on Deep Learning

This paper studies the feature extraction and middle-level expression of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) convolutional layer glass broken and cracked at the scene of road traffic accident. The image pyramid is constructed and used as the input of the CNN model, and the convolutional layer road traffic accident scene glass breakage and crack characteristics at each scale in the pyramid are extracted separately, and then the depth descriptors at different image scales are extracted. In order to improve the discriminative power of the depth descriptor, Hellinger kernel and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are used to perform nonlinear and linear transformations. Two aggregation strategies based on depth descriptors are proposed to form a global image representation. The classification experiment of the data set shows that Hellinger kernel, PCA transformation, and two aggregation strategies are all conducive to improving the classification accuracy. In addition, the convolutional layer road traffic accident scene glass breaking and crack feature coding can obtain better classification performance than the fully connected layer feature. We conducted dynamic impact tests on plate glass and Polyvinyl Butyral- (PVB-) laminated glass under different boundary conditions and studied the crack propagation and failure process of the glass under different impact speeds. The results show that there are radial cracks and circular cracks on the glass specimens under the impact load; the glass specimens show partial damage under high-speed impact and the characteristics of glass breaking and cracks at the scene of road traffic accidents; the four-frame plate glass is supported by sharp dagger-like fragments. This paper compares the energy absorption of glass specimens under different boundary conditions. The results show that the energy absorption effect of the four-point supporting glass specimen is generally stronger than that of the four-frame supporting glass.

Multimodal Imagery in Forensic Incident Scene Documentation

Various imaging modalities are evaluated for use in forensic incident (crime or accident) scene documentation. Particular attention is paid to the precision vs. cost tradeoff, accomplished by judiciously combining various 3D scans and photogrammetric reconstructions from 2D photographs. Assumptions are proposed for two complementary software systems: an event scene pilot assisting the on-site staff in their work securing evidence and facilitating their communication with stationary support staff, and an evidence keeper, managing the voluminous and varied database of accumulated imagery, textual notes and physical evidence inventory.

RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D ACCIDENT SCENE FROM MULTIROTOR UAV PLATFORM

Traffic accidents are one of the major causes of fatality in developing countries. The aim of the study is to reconstruct accident scenes by using UAV photogrammetry. The methodology of this study is organised into four main phases which consist of preliminary work, flight planning, 3D model processing and analysis of the results. The 3D model was successfully generated by using Point of Interest (POI) flight planning. The 3D model showed that the results of the process produced good 3D texture where the two vehicles had good shapes and could be seen clearly from an oblique view. In addition, the effect of the tyres on the road could also be seen clearly and had good shape which were generated accurately. The accuracy values obtained from the POI technique and waypoint technique were 0.059m and 0.043m, respectively. Due to the availability of UAVs in the market at reasonable costs, photogrammetry offers the best alternative technique to other methods that have been used to reconstruct the accident scene.

View of Corpse Found at the Explosion Scene

Introduction: in the modern world, the level of international terrorism is constantly growing, with an increasing tendency for terrorists to use an impressive arsenal of weapons of destruction, which creates a real threat to the world community, for all countries without exception. The use of various types of explosive devices in public places – streets, railway stations, and trains – is directed by terrorists to intimidate the population and create a serious threat to stability and security in society. Therefore, at the present stage, it is important to apply all previously developed methods and techniques, as well as to use new recommendations in order to improve the logistics of the law enforcement agencies. The involvement of specialists in conducting such an important investigative action as the inspection of the accident scene will contribute to an objective perception, a full study of the scene, the detection, recording and removal of various traces and other physical evidence in order to clarify the nature of the event. The purpose of the study: to determine the methods available to the investigator, providing the maximum possible information for further investigation of the crime. The objectives of the study: to describe the principles of modern tactics of conducting the accident scene observation; to clarify requirements and review the specifics of the inspection report of the explosion scene; to develop recommendations on the examination and recovery of the objects. Methods: the methodological framework is based on the methods of historicism, systematization, and comparative law. Results: the proposals were made to improve the interaction of the investigator with the forensic expert involved in the scene examination. Conclusions: as a result of the study, it is revealed that when the forensic examination of corpses or their fragments discovered at the accident scene when an explosive device was used, an approximate list of questions for the forensic expert is formed for the investigators. It is established that the use of the techniques available to the investigator provides the necessary information for further investigative actions.