scholarly journals Tumor Markers of Neuroendocrine Tumors and Management of Carcinoid Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325
Author(s):  
Ayşa Hacıoğlu ◽  
Züleyha Karaca ◽  
Fahrettin Keleştimur
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Carcinoid Crisis

Percutaneous Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Neuroendocrine Tumors: How Common Is Intraprocedural Carcinoid Crisis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jang ◽  
John J. Schmitz ◽  
Thomas D. Atwell ◽  
Tasha L. Welch ◽  
Brian T. Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Core Needle Biopsy ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Core Needle ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Carcinoid Crisis

IL-2 −330 T/G SNP and serum values—potential new tumor markers in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP-NETs)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Cigrovski Berković ◽  
Mladen Jokić ◽  
Jasminka Marout ◽  
Senka Radošević ◽  
Vanja Zjačić-Rotkvić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory Diagnosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tzontcheva
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Endocrine Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine Tumors — Laboratory DiagnosisNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from endocrine cells, which are characterized by the presence of secretory granules as well as the ability to produce biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones. These tumors originate from endocrine glands such as the adrenal medulla, the pituitary, and the parathyroids, as well as endocrine islets within the thyroid or the pancreas, and dispersed endocrine cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The clinical behavior of NETs is extremely variable; they may be functioning or not functioning, ranging from very slow-growing tumors (well-differentiated NETs), which are the majority, to highly aggressive and very malignant tumors (poorly differentiated NETs). Classically, NETs of the gastrointestinal tract are classified into 2 main groups: (1) carcinoids and (2) endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs). Most neuroendocrine tumors produce and secrete a multitude of peptide hormones and amines. Some of these substances cause a specific clinical syndrome: carcinoid, Zollinger-Ellison, hyperglycemic, glucagonoma and WDHA syndrome. Specific markers for these syndromes are basal and/or stimulated levels of urinary 5-HIAA, serum or plasma gastrin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, respectively. Some carcinoid tumors and about one third of endocrine pancreatic tumors do not present any clinical symptoms and are called ‘nonfunctioning’ tumors. Therefore, general tumor markers such as chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, serum neuron-specific enolase and subunits of glycoprotein hormones have been used for screening purposes in patients without distinct clinical hormone-related symptoms. Among these general tumor markers chromogranin A, although its precise function is not yet established, has been shown to be a very sensitive and specific serum marker for various types of neuroendocrine tumors. This is because it may also be elevated in many cases of less well-differentiated tumors of neuroendocrine origin that do not secrete known hormones. At the moment, chromogranin A is considered the best general neuroendocrine serum or plasma marker available both for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation, and is increased in 50-100% of patients with various neuroendocrine tumors. Chromogranin A serum or plasma levels reflect tumor load, and it may be an independent marker of prognosis in patients with midgut carcinoids.

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Presentation of a Case Report with Intraoperative Carcinoid Crisis and Review of Current Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech M Korcz ◽  
Paweł Nyckowski ◽  
Gustaw Lech ◽  
Michał Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Alicja Kwiatkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Carcinoid Crisis

Treatment outcome of everolimus against neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 365-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Shimomura ◽  
Takashi Kurauchi ◽  
Keigo Sakanaka ◽  
Shin Egawa
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Radiologic Examination ◽  
Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer ◽  
Improvement In Survival

365 Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal disease subset with median overall survival of less than 1 year from time of detection. The treatment strategy against NEPC is not yet established. Some clinical trials are ongoing now. Recently, clinical trial (RADIIANT4) showed that treatment with everolimus was associated with significant improvement in survival in patients with progressive lung or gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. And FDA approved new indication for everolimus for progressive, nonfunctional GI and lung neuroendocrine tumors last year. In this study we tried to introduce everolimus against pathologically proven NEPC and investigated the clinical outcomes of this agent. Methods: Total of seven cases were included in this study. All cases were proven the existence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer pathologically. Everolimus (10mg/d) were introduced into all cases. We investigated the neuroendocrine tumor markers (neuron-specific enolase: NSE, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide: pro GRP), radiologic examination and survival. Results: The median follow up period was 6 months. At least one of the tumor markers increased above normal limit in all cases. NSE increased in four cases, pro GRP increased in five cases and both markers increased in two cases. Tumor markers decreased in five of seven (71.4%) cases (NSE: 2 of 4 cases, pro GRP: 4 of 5 cases) after introduction of everolimus. Median decreasing rate were 67.1% in NSE and 65.5% in pro GRP. Two of seven (28.6%) cases progressed in radiologic examination and died from prostate cancer. One case was very advanced disease and everolimus was introduced after failure of systemic chemotherapy (CDDP + etoposide). Another case was advanced disease with bone marrow carcinomatosis. In terms of adverse event, 4 cases had stomatitis and one case had hyperglycemia. Conclusions: In this study, evelolimus showed efficacy against NEPC. It decreased tumor markers and stabilized the tumor status. Although this study was retrospective and number of cases was limited, there is a possibility that evelolimus would be a one of the treatment options against NEPC.

Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged-Release Lanreotide in Patients With Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hormone-Related Symptoms

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.M. Wymenga ◽  
B. Eriksson ◽  
P.I. Salmela ◽  
M.B. Jacobsen ◽  
E.J.D.G. Van Cutsem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Carcinoid Tumors ◽  
Somatostatin Analog ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Long Acting

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prolonged release (PR) of the long-acting somatostatin analog lanreotide in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and its effect on hormone-related symptomatology, tumor markers, tumor size, tolerability, and quality of life (QOL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had the following substantial daily symptoms: for patients with carcinoid tumors, three or more stools and/or 1.5 or more flushing episodes; for patients with gastrinoma, greater than 50% elevated basic acid output; and for patients with vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas), four or more stools and/or a stool volume of ≥ 800 mL, a measurable tumor, and an elevated biochemical tumor marker (≥ two times the upper limit of the normal reference range). Lanreotide PR was administered intramuscularly every 14 days at 30 mg for 6 months. We measured efficacy by studying symptoms, tumor markers, tumor size, and QOL. Side effects were scored according to the National Cancer Institute's toxicity grading system and ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included in the study (48 patients with carcinoid tumors, six patients with gastrinoma, and one patient with VIPoma). Symptomatic improvement (> 50% reduction) occurred in 38% of the assessable patients with carcinoid tumors, in 67% of the gastrinoma patients, and in the VIPoma patient. Tumor markers normalized in two of 45 assessable patients, 19 patients exhibited a reduction (> 50%), 19 patients exhibited no change, and tumor markers rose by more than 50% in five patients. Tumor size was reduced in two of 31 assessable patients and remained stable in 25 patients; four patients experienced progression. QOL assessments after 1 month showed improvements in emotional and cognitive function, and diminished fatigue, sleeping disorders, and diarrhea. Eight of 30 assessable patients developed gallstones. CONCLUSION: Lanreotide PR is a well-tolerated somatostatin analog with significant clinical, biochemical, and antitumor effects that bring about a significant improvement in QOL for patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Novel Nomograms Using Serum Tumor Markers for the Prediction of Preoperative Histologic Grades in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhi-Qi Wu ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Hua-Guo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Serum Tumor Markers ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Roc Area

BackgroundTo develop and validate nomogram models for the preoperatively prediction of the histologic grade of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) to provide appropriate treatments.MethodsA total of 1014 participants, including 211 healthy controls, 293 patients with benign diseases, 299 patients with cancers, and 211 patients with GEP-NETs were included in the final analysis. Their sociodemographic and laboratory information, including serum tumor markers such as AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, Cyfra21-1 and NSE were collected. Nomogram models were developed to preoperatively predict histologic grades of GEP-NETs.ResultsAmong six serum tumor markers, only NSE was found to have a statistically significant association with the histologic grades in GEP-NETs (G1 vs. G2: p < 0.05; G2 vs. G3: p < 0.001; G1 vs. G3: p < 0.0001), which was combined with sex and age to develop the nomogram models. The first nomogram (to differentiate grade 1(G1) and grade 2/3 tumor (G2/G3)) showed a strong association to differentiate with an AUC of 0.747 (95% CI: 0.663-0.832) and 0.735 (95% CI: 0.624-0.847) in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The second nomogram (to differentiate G1/G2 and G3 tumors) showed a strong association to differentiate with an AUC of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.744-0.911) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.744-0.950) in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The ROC, area under ROC curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the clinical usefulness of both models.ConclusionsWe proposed two novel nomogram models based on sex, age and serum NSE levels to preoperatively predict the histologic grades in GEP-NETs to assist the clinical decision-making.

Comparison of tumor markers for predicting outcomes after resection of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Surgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovenel Cherenfant ◽  
Mark S. Talamonti ◽  
Curtis R. Hall ◽  
Tiffany A. Thurow ◽  
Mistry K. Gage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
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