scholarly journals Modeling Stress Accumulation and the Crustal Deformation Cycle Associated with Repetition of Large Earthquakes at a Plate Boundary

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (appendix) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori SATO ◽  
Mitsuhiro MATSU'URA
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Deformation Cycle ◽  
Modeling Stress ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Stress Accumulation

The CASA'93 GPS campaign for crustal deformation research along the South Caribbean plate boundary

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Drewes ◽  
K. Kaniuth ◽  
K. Stuber ◽  
H. Tremel ◽  
H.-G. Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Caribbean Plate ◽  
The South

Increasing critical sensitivity of the Load/Unload Response Ratio before large earthquakes with identified stress accumulation pattern

2006 ◽  
Vol 428 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-zhong Yu ◽  
Zheng-kang Shen ◽  
Yong-ge Wan ◽  
Qing-yong Zhu ◽  
Xiang-chu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Response Ratio ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Stress Accumulation

Crustal Deformation along the Caribbean — South American Plate Boundary Derived From The Casa GPS Project

1998 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kaniuth ◽  
Hermann Drewes ◽  
Klaus Stuber ◽  
Herbert Tremel ◽  
Napoleón Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
The Caribbean

EnKF estimation of the viscoelastic deformation and the viscosity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Ohtani
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Inelastic Strain ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Forward Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Deformation ◽  
Large Earthquakes

<p>Following large earthquakes, postseismic crustal deformations are often observed for more than years. They include the afterslip and the viscoelastic deformation of the crust and the upper mantle, activated by the coseismic stress change. The viscoelastic deformation gives the stress change on the neighboring faults, hence affects the seismic activity of the surrounding area, for a long period after the large earthquake. So, estimating the viscoelastic deformation after the large earthquakes is important.</p><p>In order to estimate the time evolution of the viscoelastic deformation after a large earthquake, we also need to know the viscoelastic structure around the area. Recently, the Ensemble Kalman filter method (EnKF), a sequential data assimilation method, starts to be used for the crustal deformation data to estimate the physical variables (van Dinther et al., 2019, Hirahara and Nishikiori, 2019). With data assimilation, we get a more provable estimation by combining the data and the time-forward model than only using the data. Hirahara and Nishikiori (2019) used synthetic data and showed that EnKF could effectively estimate the frictional parameters on the SSE (slow slip event) fault, addition to the slip velocity. In the present study, I applied EnKF to estimate the viscosity and the inelastic strain after a large earthquake, both the physical property and the variables.</p><p>First, I constructed the forward model simulating the evolution of the viscoelastic deformation, following the equivalent body force method (Barbot and Fialko, 2010; Barbot et al., 2017). This method is appropriate for applying EnKF, because the ground surface deformation rate is represented by the inelastic strain at the moment, and the history of the strain is not required. Then, we applied EnKF based on the forward model and executed some numerical experiments using a synthetic postseismic crustal deformation data.</p><p>In this presentation, I show the result of a simple setting. I assumed the medium to be two layers with a homogeneous viscoelastic region underlying an elastic region. The synthetic data is made by giving a slip on a fault at time <em>t</em> = 0 and simulating the time evolution of the ground surface deformation. For assimilation, I assumed that the slip on the fault and the stress distribution just after the large earthquake is known. Then we executed the assimilation every 30 days after the large earthquake. I found that I can get a good estimation of the viscosity after <em>t</em> > 150 days.</p>

Consideration of Crustal Deformation in the Adjacent Area of Plate Boundary

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Iwashita ◽  
Muhtar Qong ◽  
Hisatoshi Baba ◽  
Masanao Hara ◽  
Toshikazu Morohoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Adjacent Area

Stress-forecasting: a viable alternative to earthquake prediction in a dynamic Earth

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Crampin
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Prediction ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Seismic Shear ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Wave Splitting ◽  
Self Organised Criticality ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractSelf-organised criticality of the crust appears to make deterministic earthquake prediction of time, place and magnitude of individual large earthquakes inherently impossible. This closes one line of approach to mitigating earthquake hazards. This paper suggests that a viable alternative to earthquake prediction is monitoring the build-up of stress before a large earthquake can occur. A new understanding of rock deformation allows stress changes to be monitored with seismic shear-wave splitting (seismic birefringence). With a suitable monitoring installation, this would allow the stochastic proximity of impending earthquakes to be recognised so that earthquakes could be forecast in the sense of recognising that crustal deformation was preparing for a large earthquake. Such stress-forecasting is not prediction, but, in many circumstances, a possible forecast crescendo of increasing urgency is exactly what is needed to best mitigate hazard to life and property.

scholarly journals Crustal deformation, active tectonics and seismic potential in the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean), along the Nubia–Eurasia plate boundary

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimmo Palano ◽  
Andrea Ursino ◽  
Salvatore Spampinato ◽  
Federica Sparacino ◽  
Alina Polonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Sicily Channel

AbstractBased on multidisciplinary data, including seismological and geodetic observations, as well as seismic reflection profiles and gravity maps, we analysed the pattern of crustal deformation and active tectonics in the Sicily Channel, a key observation point to unravel the complex interaction between two major plates, Nubia and Eurasia, in the Mediterranean Sea. Our data highlight the presence of an active ~ 220-km-long complex lithospheric fault system (here named the Lampedusa-Sciacca Shear Zone), approximately oriented N–S, crossing the study area with left-lateral strike-slip deformations, active volcanism and high heat flow. We suggest that this shear zone represents the most active tectonic domain in the area, while the NW–SE elongated rifting pattern, considered the first order tectonic feature, appears currently inactive and sealed by undeformed recent (Lower Pleistocene?) deposits. Estimates of seismological and geodetic moment-rates, 6.58 × 1015 Nm/year and 7.24 × 1017 Nm/year, respectively, suggests that seismicity accounts only for ~ 0.9% of crustal deformation, while the anomalous thermal state and the low thickness of the crust would significantly inhibit frictional sliding in favour of creeping and aseismic deformation. We therefore conclude that a significant amount of the estimated crustal deformation-rate occurs aseismically, opening new scenarios for seismic risk assessments in the region.

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