scholarly journals Bone Tools at the Late Pre-Hispanic Site Boyo Paso 2 (Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 2-19
Author(s):  
Matías Medina ◽  
Sebastián Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Cultural Attitude ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Bone Tool

The aim of the article is to assess the role played by bone tools at Boyo Paso 2 (Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina), an open-air site interpreted as a basecamp seasonally occupied by mobile mixed foraging and farming people c. 900–700 years BP. The results suggest that diverse activities were carried out on-site, including hunting or warfare, tool production, food processing and rituals. Bone tool analysis may enable reconstruction of the technological level, social organization, and cultural attitude towards the environment among people neither wholly foragers nor wholly farmers, a category for which archaeology currently lacks sufficient archaeological understanding and that merits further research.

Mastodon butchery: microscopic evidence of carcass processing and bone tool use

Paleobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Shipman ◽  
Daniel C. Fisher ◽  
Jennie J. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Temporal Representation ◽  
Bone Modification ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Lake Site ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Bone Tool

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of bone surfaces from the Pleasant Lake mastodon, excavated in southern Michigan, documents features indicative of butchery. These features are identified by comparison with modern bones modified by human and natural processes. We report new studies of (1) marks made by bone tools during removal of meat from and disarticulation of carcasses and (2) use wear developed on bone tools. We also apply previously developed criteria for recognizing stone tool cutmarks and stages in the burning of bone. The Pleasant Lake site, dated to between 10,395 ± 100 and 12,845 ± 165 b.p., provides compelling evidence of mastodon butchery and bone tool use. Another site, near New Hudson, Michigan, provides replication of much of this evidence. Together these sites offer new examples of patterns of bone modification and extend the geographic and temporal representation of the much discussed, but still controversial, late Pleistocene bone technology.

scholarly journals Selection preferences for animal species used in bone-tool-manufacturing strategies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249296
Author(s):  
Justin Bradfield ◽  
Andrew C. Kitchener ◽  
Michael Buckley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Bone Tool

Animal symbolism is a prominent feature of many human societies globally. In some cases, these symbolic attributes manifest in the technological domain, influencing the decision to use the bones of certain animals and not others for tool manufacture. In southern Africa, animals feature prominently in the cosmogenic narratives of both hunter-gatherer and Bantu-speaking farmer groups. Whenever these two culturally distinct groups came into contact with each other there would be an assimilation of cosmogenic concepts of power and the adoption of certain symbolically important animals. In this paper, we report on which animals were selected to make bone tools during the first millennium AD contact period in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, and explore the extent to which this selection may have been influenced by the symbolic associations of specific animals. Our results show selective targeting of specific animals for tool manufacture at some sites, with a narrowing of the range of selected species during the first millennium AD contact period. Certain antelope tribes, such as Aepycerotini, Cephalophini and Antilopini, appear to have been deliberately avoided, thus arguing against opportunistic selection. Nor does the range of selected animals appear to show any obvious mechanical considerations, as has been noted in similar studies. We highlight the potential of ZooMS for understanding the dynamics of animal symbolism in the past.

scholarly journals Using Radiocarbon Dates and Tool Design Principles to Assess the Role of Composite Slotted Bone Tool Technology at the Intersection of Adaptation and Culture-History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael A. Manninen ◽  
Vitali Asheichyk ◽  
Tõnno Jonuks ◽  
Aivar Kriiska ◽  
Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Lithic Technology ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
East European ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Historical Specificity ◽  
Tool Technology ◽  
Bone Tool

AbstractSlotted bone tools are an iconic example of composite tool technology in which change in one of the components does not require changing the design of the other parts. Commonly, slotted bone tools are seen through the lens of lithic technology, highlighting organizational aspects related to serial production of insets, reliability and maintainability. In this framework, slotted bone tool technology is associated with risk aversion in demanding environmental settings. Here, we provide the first overview of radiocarbon-dated slotted bone tools in northernmost Europe and the East European Plain, including 17 new direct dates on pitch glue, and show that the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene period of inset slotted bone tool use in this area shows marked variation and idiosyncrasy in associated lithic technology against a trend of continuously warming climate. We suggest that historical specificity and path-dependence, rather than convergent evolution, best explain the variability seen in slotted bone tool technology in the studied case, and that slotted bone tools in general formed an organizationally flexible, adaptable and hence likely adaptive technological solution that met a wide variety of cultural and technological demands.

scholarly journals Pre-Roman and Roman Period flat scrapers made of bone in the territory of Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Michalczewski ◽  
Jan Bulas
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Spread Function ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
Bone Tool

Bone tools are among the least studied artefacts, not only in the Przeworsk culture but in other regions of European Barbaricum as well. In the article, the focus is on one type of bone tool, flat scrapers, which have not as yet been sufficiently analysed. The first conclusion is that this category of finds is more widespread than previously assumed and has often been misinterpreted. One of the most interesting findings presented in the text concerns the function of those tools. Their function is reconstructed here based on the analysis of unpublished specimens recently discovered in Przeworsk culture settlements in the basins of the Nida and Nidzica Rivers, and on analysis of the published materials. Microscopic analysis of micro-traces was conducted in order to examine the proposed hypotheses. As a result, an interpretation of the spread, function, and chronology of scrapers made of bone is proposed.

scholarly journals ALAT TULANG SITUS PLESTOSEN JAWA: BAHAN BAKU, TEKNOLOGI, DAN TIPOLOGI [Bone tools from Pleistocene Site of Java: Raw Materials, Technology, and Typology]

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Ilham Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Pruning Techniques ◽  
Bone Tool

During this time knowledge about Homo erectus bones tool comes only from trusted Ngandong, but now it has a lot of bone tools found and published on the Site Pleistocene in Java. This paper is the result of a data-base processing using microscopic methods against all findings bone tools from sites Pleistocene in Java which aims to provide comprehensive information about the presence of bone tools. A total of 48 specimens of bone tools findings of Sangiran, Ngandong Site, Site Sambungmacan, Patiayam Site and Site Bringin. The analysis showed that there are 12 types of anatomical components of animal bones were used as tools. Type of animal bones were used as a bone tool is Cervus sp. (deer), Cervus hippelaphus (deer), Sus sp. (pig), Bos sp. (cow), Bibos palaeosondaicus (bull), rhinoceros (rhinoceros), Elephantidae (the elephants), and Bovidae. The technique used in making bone tools are broken techniques, pruning techniques, techniques sides, press techniques, and techniques rub. This type of tool is produced bone knife, lancipan, spatula, and spear AbstrakSelama ini pengetahuan tentang alat tulang Homo erectus hanya berasal dari Situs Ngandong, tetapi sekarang ini telah banyak alat tulang ditemukan dan dipublikasikan dari Situs Plestosen di Jawa. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil pengolahan data-base menggunakan metode mikroskopis terhadap semua temuan alat tulang dari situs-situs Plestosen di Jawa yang bertujuan memberi informasi komprehensif tentang keberadaan alat tulang. Sebanyak 48 spesimen alat tulang temuan dari Situs Sangiran, Situs Ngandong, Situs Sambungmacan, Situs Patiayam, dan Situs Bringin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 jenis komponen anatomis binatang yang digunakan sebagai alat tulang. Jenis binatang yang tulangnya digunakan sebagai alat tulang adalah Cervus sp. (rusa), Cervus hippelaphus (rusa), Sus sp. (babi), Bos sp. (sapi), Bibos palaeosondaicus (banteng), rhinoceros (badak), elephantidae (gajah), dan bovidae. Teknik yang digunakan dalam membuat alat tulang adalah teknik pecah, teknik pangkas, teknik belah, teknik tekan, dan teknik gosok. Jenis alat tulang yang dihasilkan adalah pisau, lancipan, spatula dan mata tombak.

The Social Organization of School Failure: Chicanos and the School System

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
LUIS C. MOLL
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
School System ◽  
School Failure ◽  
The Social

Review of The Social Organization of Schools: New Conceptualizations of the Learning Process.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Walberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Social

Seeking Structure in Social Organization: Personal Control and Hierarchies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Friesen ◽  
Aaron C. Kay ◽  
Richard P. Eibach ◽  
Adam D. Galinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Personal Control
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