A Gestão para o Controle da Indisciplina Escolar no Século XXI

ResumoEste estudo aborda a indisciplina escolar no século XXI, o objetivo principal foi o de apontar prováveis causas dos comportamentos da indisciplina dos estudantes, indicando atitudes pedagógicas que o professor poderia assumir para contribuir na diminuição da indisciplina. Partindo da hipótese de que o conjunto de fenômenos observáveis, que os professores agrupam sob o nome genérico de problemas de indisciplina, tem contribuído para uma retificação desse, isto é, para constituição de um fato que se chama indisciplina escolar. A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa, pois se trata de uma revisão sistemática da literatura do campo da Educação. A indisciplina pode surgir como alternativa ao seu insucesso escolar, procurando desse modo valorizar a sua relação com os outros. Este insucesso não se refere, exclusivamente, a disciplinas, mas também a valores, que esse estudante pensa ser assumido pela comunidade, e que o mesmo não vê refletido nele. Pode-se inferir, com base nas pesquisas realizados para compor este estudo, que os pais e professores precisam explicar as normas e regras aos seus filhos, ou seja, aos estudantes. Entende-se que o que pode estar ocorrendo é uma opressão, por parte dos pais e professores, que acabam sendo autoritários, bastante rígidos, controladores, primitivos e que valorizam, enormemente, as regras e as normas e, na maioria das vezes, deixam o fator humano de lado, pois o processo de ensino e aprendizagem vai muito mais além do que somente regras. Palavras-chave: Estudantes. Desafios Pedagógicos. Gestão Escolar. Professores. Indisciplina. AbstractThis study approaches school indiscipline in the 21st century, the main objective was to point out probable causes of students’ indiscipline behavior, indicating pedagogical attitudes that the teacher could assume to contribute to the indiscipline reduction. Based on the hypothesis that the set of observable phenomena that teachers group under the generic name of indiscipline problems, has contributed to their rectification, that is, to the constitution of a fact called school indiscipline. The methodology is qualitative in nature, as it is a literature systematic review in the Education field. Indiscipline can appear as an alternative to their school failure, thus seeking to value their relationship with others. This failure does not refer exclusively to subjects, but also to values, and hence, this student thinks to be assumed by the community, and which he or she does not see reflected in him or her. It is possible to infer, based on the research carried out to compose this study, that parents and teachers need to explain the standards and rules to their children, that is, students. It is understood that what may be happening is an oppression by parents and teachers who end up being authoritarian, quite rigid, controlling, primitive and who greatly value the rules and standards and most of the times leaving the human factor aside, as the process teaching and learning goes far beyond just rules. Keywords: Students. Pedagogical Challenges. School management. Teachers. Indiscipline.

Anxietatea la preadolescenții cu insucces școlar

Currently, preadolescents face states of anxiety generated by the complexity of the educational process, by school failure. The student - anxiously refuses to go to school due to stressful situations. Anxiety causes a decrease in attention and adequate perception of reality, creates a general emotional discomfort. General anxiety is characterized by low productivity, shyness, low self-confi dence, hypermobility, poor assimilation of knowledge. The study was conducted on a group of 30 low-achieving students in grades VIII-X aged 14-16. The level of anxiety was studied by applying two techniques: the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) inventory by D. Spielberger and the Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) developed by Taylor and James Garden. The results showed a moderate level of anxiety stable at 33.3% and a high level of anxiety stable at 43.3%, and more than 86.6% of students show general anxiety at severe and moderate level.

Os efeitos da aprendizagem da esgrima sobre o controle executivo da memória

Treated as one of the biggest challenges in the Brazilian educational system, school failure, despite being multi-causal, is closely linked to learning difficulties associated with aspects of cognition, with special attention to the Executive Control of Memory, which in this study will be represented by the variables: Working Memory (MT), Concentrated Attention (AC) and Motor Reaction Time (TRM). Under neuropsychological aspects, the executive control of memory comprises closely linked phenomena and mechanisms and learning, such as: cognitive flexibility, decision making, attention mechanisms, inhibitory control, selection and integration of current information with information already memorized, in addition to planning and monitoring their own learning and performance. This form of cognitive ability is defined by renowned researchers in the “field” as being preponderant to human learning and performance. Dysfunctions in the executive control of memory are commonly a reflection of innate or non-innate psychopathological issues, may be associated with other comorbidities, and are determinants of school failure in a significant number of Brazilian students. Thus, the main objective of this research project is to verify the impact of the practice of the fighting modality Fencing on the executive control of the memory of students from the public school system, participants of this action research, included in psychopedagogical care for issues related to learning difficulties cognitive. The Field Research technique will be used in this study, with the process of testing the variables under study in moments before and after the intervention with fencing classes. The data obtained in the testing process will be treated in a descriptive statistical perspective. For the inference of the data obtained, the Student T Test for dependent samples will be used. To verify the distribution of data, the Shapiro-Wilk test will be used. As a result, research participants are expected to obtain statistically significant results in the studied variables.

Mathematics Disability vs. Learning Disability: A 360 Degree Analysis

A fundamental issue for research in mathematics disability (MD) and reading disability (RD) is: If these disabilities are clearly distinct, why is there so high a level of comorbidity, together with the converse; if these disabilities are so similar, why are there clear differences in underlying causes and aetiology? In order to address this puzzle, we introduce the “360 degree analysis” (360DA) framework and apply it to the overlap between RD and MD. The 360DA process starts by analyzing the issue from four perspectives: theoretical, developmental, affective, and pedagogical. Under 360DA, these analyses are then integrated to provide insights for theory, and for individual assessment and support, together with directions for future progress. The analyses confirm extensive similarities between arithmetic and reading development in terms of rote learning, executive function (EF), and affective trauma, but also major differences in terms of the conceptual needs, the motor coordination needs, and the methods of scaffolding. In terms of theory, commonalities are interpreted naturally in terms of initial general developmental delay followed by domain-independent affective trauma following school failure. Dissociations are interpreted in terms of cerebellar vs. hippocampal learning networks, sequential vs. spatial processing, and language vs. spatial scaffolding, with a further dimension of the need for accurate fixation for reading. The framework has significant theoretical and applied implications.

School Failure in the Region of Madrid (Spain): An Approximation through Diagnostic Assessment in 2019

Education is considered to be one of the main factors of development, economic growth and social progress. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. In Spain, school failure represents one of the main problems in the educational system, with potentially dramatic consequences for the basic competences required in the labour market and job instability, with the risk of economic and social exclusion. In this paper, we aim to identify the factors that define the risk of school failure in Madrid (Spain) by applying logit models. In this process we use a definition of school failure risk which relates to the probability of scoring below level 2 in the evaluation of competences (diagnostic assessment), and we use grade retention as a proxy of school failure. The variables included in the model cover several areas, such as personal, family and school characteristics. The results show that it is important that the policies to strengthen the educational system begin with early childhood education, as educational delay symptoms are detected, and it is necessary to intensify efforts towards personalized assistance to help identify potential learning problems, especially in those groups in the worst socioeconomic situations, which are most at risk of school failure.

Ensuring the Continuity of Preschool and Primary School Education: Organizing Work with Children Experiencing Learning Difficulties

The article analyzes the works of domestic teachers and psychologists, devoted to the organization of work with children experiencing difficulties in the process of mastering educational programs. On the basis of the ideas put forward by the researchers, the authors formulated and characterize the actual way of preventing the failure of first-graders - the implementation in practice of the principle of continuity of education during preschool childhood and at the first stage of school education. The urgent need for the manifestation of greater attention of primary school teachers to the analysis of the psychological and pedagogical reasons for school failure, as well as the organization of a differentiated approach to teaching children of special social groups is revealed.

Analysis of the performance rate variations of schools contemplated with the School Cistern Program in the valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri

The aim of the study was to analyze the variations in students’ performance rates in schools int the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, contemplated by the School Cistern Program. The survey of the schools contemplated by the Program was carried out with documental research of spreadsheets provided by the Brazilian Semi-arid Articulation. The data about school failure and dropout rates were collected from the Instituto Anísio Teixeira (INEP), and made available on the Qedu website. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for testing averages. As means of school performance rates in the periods before and after the installation of the cistern in schools, they were not different. Thus, the expectation of an improvement in school performance rates through the Program was not evident. Thus, the present study shows that there are factors that still need to be studied and treated for the School Cistern Program to reach its objective of improving school performance rates in the region of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri valleys.

EVALUATION OF A FACTOR THAT INFLUENCES SCHOOL FAILURE IN A GROUP OF ADOLESCENTS IN IASI COUNTY - FATIGUE

School activity is characterized by high physical and mental demands. Any failure to adapt these requests to the possibilities of the age group can be associated with school failure. The study was carried out on a group of 208 students from the 9thgrade from three high schools in Iasi county. A questionnaire regarding school activity and the causes of the phenomenon of school fatigue was applied. The results were processed using Pearson's chi-squared test. The students are constantly preparing only for certain subjects (72.59%). In most cases (65.86%) adolescents admit that they have been taughthow to study only in certain subjects. Fatigue is often present in 58.65% of students. The students attribute the occurrence of this phenomenon to the numerous subjects they have to study (55.76), the large volume of homework (51.92%), insufficient sleep (48.55%), teachers being too strict (25%), or the breaks being too short (25%). Special attention must be paidto night time sleep which is insufficient in 66,82% of cases. Many factors that generate school fatigue must be known and carefully assessed in order to reduce the frequency of this phenomenon.