Role of reduced glutathione, nitric oxide and some trace elements in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

ABSTRACTThe distinction between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, the two most common types of dementia, has been undermined by recent advances in epidemiologic, clinical, imaging, and neuropathological studies. Cardiovascular risk factors, traditionally regarded as distinguishing criteria between the two entities, have been shown to be associated with both AD and vascular dementia. In this article, we propose mechanisms of action of cardiovascular risk factors in AD, suggest possible explanations for the overlap with vascular dementia and discuss the implications this might have on future differential diagnosis, research, and treatment strategies.

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The role of trace elements in Alzheimer's disease

Archives of Mental Health ◽

10.4103/amh.amh_18_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Sujeetha Purushothaman ◽

Aashika Ragavi ◽

Preethi Basavaraju ◽

PuthamohanVinayaga Moorthi ◽

ArumugamVijaya Anand

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Trace Elements

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Role of Trace Elements Alzheimer’s Disease

OALib ◽

10.4236/oalib.1100714 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 01 (06) ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Reena Mittal ◽

Shweta Chaudhary ◽

Deep Chand Jain

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Trace Elements

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Neuropsychiatric symptoms and executive function impairments in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: The role of subcortical circuits

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-030005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 293-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chan Tiel ◽

Felipe Kenji Sudo ◽

Ana Beatriz Calmon

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Executive Function ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia are prevalent, under-recognized and little studied regarding their pathophysiological aspects. The pathophysiological mechanism, as well as the possible role of vascular lesions in the genesis of these symptoms, are still matters of debate. Objective: to describe and compare the prevalence and severity of NPS in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 82 outpatients, divided into two groups (AD × VaD), was conducted. Patients were submitted to the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG), the Clock Drawing Test (CLOX 1 and 2), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Neuroimaging was scored using the de Leon and Fazekas scales. Results: 90.8% of the patients had at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. There were statistical differences on the CLOX test and in the apathy symptoms between AD and VaD groups. Apathy and disinhibition proved more prevalent in patients with higher vascular load. Conclusion: apathy and impaired executive function may reflect vascular damage in subcortical circuits in dementia patients.

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Nitric Oxide: The Common Link in Different Forms of Dementia

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research ◽

10.52403/ijshr.20210755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 322-326

Author(s):

Dipak Kumar Dhar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Keywords Dementia ◽

Neurotoxic Effects ◽

The Common ◽

Cellular Pathogenesis ◽

The Brain

Dementia broadly refers to a global decline in cognitive and higher functions of the brain. With the gradually increasing number of aging population, the incidence of dementia has been steadily rising and expected to increase further in the coming years. The causes and forms of dementia are wide-ranging and diverse, with Alzheimer’s disease being its best studied form. With increasing knowledge about various effects and mechanisms of nitric oxide, this chemical neurotransmitter appears to be the connecting link in the cellular pathogenesis of dementia. An exhaustive search of research articles, commentaries and books published from 1990s onwards was performed with various words and combinations linked to dementia and nitric oxide. The existing medical literature shows both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of nitric oxide. The present article intends to delve into this topic and provide a lucid understanding of the role of nitric oxide in dementia. Keywords: Dementia, Nitric Oxide, Alzheimer’s disease, excitotoxicity, nitrosative stress.

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