scholarly journals Age-Related Histological Changes in Vena Caval System of Human Foetus and Adult: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kevin Fernandez ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Venae Cavae ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Tunica Intima

BACKGROUND: It has been documented that cardiac musculature is present in both venae cavae, and they contract together with the atrium, contributing to the pumping mechanism of the heart. So, in the present study, we measured the relative thicknesses of the three histological layers at formation, termination and intermediate levels of the venae cavae along with their histological characteristics.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten foetal and 10 adult cadavers were used. The Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae from all three regions were excised and processed for histology. The qualitative and quantitative features of the vessels were observed and recorded. The data thus obtained was then assessed statistically.RESULTS: In superior vena cava, the tunica intima grows actively especially during late gestation. The tunica media shows active growth. The tunica adventitia growth is significant at the middle and termination levels. In inferior vena cava, the tunica intima grows actively at the level of formation. The tunica media shows the active overall growth during early gestation. The tunica adventitia shows active growth during late gestation. In qualitative analysis the plump, spindle-shaped primitive mesenchymal cells were observed. Muscle and collagen fibers show reciprocal abundance with increasing age, with the former being lesser in amount than the latter in earlier stages. Appearance of vasa vasorum was notable from 2nd trimester. The cardiac myocytes were located in the middle and outer tunics of the superior vena cava.CONCLUSION: Cardiac musculature was absent in the inferior vena; however, the vessel shows advanced rate of overall development.

Venae cavae flow pattern in cats: as studied with high-speed cinefluorographic technique

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Lynch ◽  
Barbara L. Carter ◽  
Jose Gimenez ◽  
Robert Krisch
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Ventricular Systole ◽  
Venae Cavae

Movements of Lipiodol droplets were studied in the venae cavae of cats by high-speed cinefluorography at 260 frames/sec. Oscilloscopic tracings of simultaneous cardiac events were recorded on the same movie film. Droplets in the inferior vena cava flowed two to three times faster than in the superior vena cava. The flow pattern of these droplets in the superior vena cava changed between tachycardia and bradycardia, in that they moved predominantly with ventricular systole during tachycardia but moved both in ventricular systole and diastole during bradycardia. No appreciable change was noted in the inferior vena cava between tachycardia and bradycardia.

Blood volume and intravascular hematocrit in different vascular beds

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canio Polosa ◽  
William F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Venae Cavae ◽  
Vascular Beds

The relative volumes of cells and plasma in the isolated paw, kidney, ileum, and gracilis muscle were determined in 30 dogs by suddenly stopping the flow and washing out the vascular content with saline. Similar experiments were also performed in five dogs on the combined vascular beds draining through the superior and inferior venae cavae. Plasma volume was calculated by dividing the protein content of 1 ml plasma into the total protein recovered; red cell volume was calculated as average concentration of cells in the fluid recovered times its volume. Average blood flows in milliliters per minute per 100 g distended organ weight were 164.5 for the kidney, 26.3 for the ileum, 9.4 for the paw, and 6.4 for the muscle. Average vascular volumes in ml/100 g distended organ weight were 25.9 for the kidney, 8.9 for the ileum, 5.4 for the paw, 4.5 for the muscle, 2.4 for the inferior vena cava bed, and 1.7 for the superior vena cava bed. Average red cell concentrations (as % of the concentrations in the effluent vein during flow) were 69.0 for the kidney, 92.0 for the ileum, 87.0 for the paw, 81.8 for the muscle, 87.0 for the inferior vena cava bed, and 89.0 for the superior vena cava bed.

Dual Inferior Venae Cavae with Mitral Stenosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-421
Author(s):  
Sandeep P Tambe ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Sinha ◽  
Ashok N Bhupali
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Aneurysmal Dilatation ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Venae Cavae ◽  
The Right

A 34-year old woman with rheumatic mitral stenosis was found to have complete dual inferior venae cavae with bilateral infrarenal and suprarenal segments, on balloon mitral valvuloplasty. The bilateral, renal, and gonadal veins drained separately on the ipsilateral side. The left inferior vena cava was larger than the right, and the right inferior vena cava had an aneurysmal dilatation near its origin. The left inferior vena cava drained into the superior vena cava-right atrial junction.

Congenital Horner and Scimitar syndrome in a newborn: a previously unreported combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e238018
Author(s):  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Mariana Maia ◽  
Ágata Mota ◽  
Teresa Martins
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Scimitar Syndrome ◽  
Left Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Dilated Coronary Sinus ◽  
Rule Out

Here we report a case of a term newborn presenting with left palpebral ptosis, anisocoria and heterochromia as well as cleft palate and heart murmur. Congenital Horner syndrome was suspected and a thoracoabdominal CT scan was performed to rule out neuroblastoma. This revealed an anomalous drainage of right pulmonary veins to a collector that drains to the inferior vena cava, leading to the diagnosis of Scimitar syndrome. Echocardiogram showed an ostium secundum atrial septal defect, enlarged right chambers and a dilated coronary sinus due to a persistent left superior vena cava. The combination of Horner and Scimitar syndrome has never been described before. This case should encourage clinicians to use a multidisciplinary approach in order to guarantee an adequate diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals A case report of pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency catheter using superior vena cava approach in patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and inferior vena cava filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Narikawa ◽  
Masayoshi Kiyokuni ◽  
Junya Hosoda ◽  
Toshiyuki Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Ivc Filter ◽  
Transseptal Puncture ◽  
Mapping Catheter ◽  
Steerable Sheath

Abstract Background Transseptal puncture and pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are generally performed via the inferior vena cava (IVC). However, in cases where the IVC is inaccessible, a specific strategy may be needed. Case summary An 86-year-old woman with paroxysmal AF and an IVC filter in situ was referred to our hospital for ablation therapy. An IVC filter for pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis had been implanted 15 years prior, therefore we selected a transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)-guided transseptal puncture using a superior vena cava (SVC) approach. After the single transseptal puncture, we performed fast anatomical mapping, voltage mapping by multipolar mapping catheter, and then PVI by contact force-guided radiofrequency catheter using a steerable sheath. Following the ablation, bidirectional conduction block between the four pulmonary veins and the left atrium was confirmed by both radiofrequency and mapping catheter. No complications occurred and no recurrence of AF was documented in the 12 months after the procedure. Discussion When performing a transseptal puncture during AF ablation, an SVC approach, via access through the right internal jugular vein, enables the sheath to directly approach the left atrium without angulation and improves operability of the ablation catheter. Combining the use of general anaesthesia, TOE, a steerable sheath, and contact force-guided ablation may contribute to achieving minimally invasive PVI with a single transseptal puncture via an SVC approach.

Absent right superior vena cava with hypoplastic proximal inferior vena cava

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cem Alhan ◽  
lyas Kayacioğlu ◽  
Gülşah Tayyareci ◽  
Cantürk Çakalağaoğlu ◽  
Mustafa diz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava

Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on systemic vasculature

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malo ◽  
H. Goldberg ◽  
R. Graham ◽  
H. Unruh ◽  
C. Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Pressure Flow

Effects of hypoxic hypoxia (HH) on cardiac output (CO), CO distribution, arterial and venous pressure-flow curves, vascular compliance, vascular time constant (tau), and resistance to venous return (RVR) were evaluated on six dogs. The vascular bed was isolated into four compartments depending on venous drainage: superior vena cava (SVC), splanchnic, renal and adrenal, and the remainder of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Low arterial O2 content and PO2 produced a threefold increase in CO at the same mean arterial pressure and a significant redistribution of CO to the SVC. Arterial pressure-flow curves decreased their slope (i.e., flow resistance) by a factor of two in the IVC and renal beds and by a factor of three in the splanchnic and SVC beds. Venous pressure-flow curves for the animal also decreased their slope significantly. HH causes a twofold increase in venous compliance and in mean venous pressure; tau did not change, but RVR halved. Seventy percent of the CO increase is explained by the increase in mean venous pressure and 30% by the reduction in RVR.

Simple validation for the hepatic venous cannula implanted chronically in conscious rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Tygon Tubing ◽  
Venous Cannula

A method for the detection of vena caval contamination in blood taken from hepatic venous cannulas in conscious rats was described. The procedures included 1) bolus injection of tritiated water (50 microCi) through a cannula into the abdominal inferior vena cava and 2) continuous blood sampling (less than 0.2 ml) from the hepatic venous cannula for 2 min into a 180-cm piece of Tygon tubing, starting concurrently with tracer injection. The washout of tritium was determined from samples in 15-cm sections of Tygon tubing. Because circulation from the inferior vena cava to the hepatic vein is interceded by the systemic circulation, the washout of tritium from a valid hepatic venous cannula should resemble the pattern determined elsewhere in the systemic circulation. In the current study, the reference systemic washout was determined in the superior vena cava of a group of rats similarly injected with tritiated water in the inferior vena cava. The maximum of tritium washout derived from a valid hepatic venous cannula should fall in the range encompassed by one standard deviation of the mean of the maximum of the reference (1,400 to 1,930 cpm/sample). The maximum of the washout pattern derived from the invalid cannula, which lay adjacent to the site of injection, was expected to exceed this range. On the basis of these criteria, hepatic blood flow (HBF) was determined by sulfbromophthalein (BSP) extraction in groups of rats with valid and invalid cannulas. HBF in rats with valid hepatic venous cannulas was 2.58 +/- 0.15 in the conscious state and 2.76 +/- 0.26 ml.min-1.g wet wt-1 in the ketamine-anesthetized state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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