Economic Analysis of Cassava Flour and Garri Production in Ibarapa Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Cassava, an edible root crop and a reliable and relatively inexpensive source of carbohydrate, is widely grown and processed into different foods such as cassava flour and garri. The study analyzed the costs and returns in cassava flour and garri production and also determined the factors influencing its production in the study area. A two- stage sampling technique was used to generate primary data used for this study. The first stage involved the purposive selection of Ibarapa North Local Government Area (LGA), because it has more cassava producers and processors than other LGAs. The second stage involved the random selection of 15 villages out of the 23 in the LGA. From the selected villages, 170 respondents were randomly selected while only 150 copies of the structured questionnaire administered were retrieved. Results from the primary data shows that 28.3% of garri producersproducers had no formal education and 46.7% were between the ages of 30 and 39years. The regression analysis shows that the quantity of garri sold (ß =5.4099), transportation cost (ß =-0.2994), peeling cost (ß = -0.4249), and grating cost (ß = 0.6878) were all significant to the total revenue of cassava flour sold. Price, inadequate capital, transportation, land tenure and markets were factors influencing garri and cassava flour production. Analysis of the costs and returns revealed that processing cassava into garri gave a higher gross margin even though processing of cassava was profitable, indicating that there is a significant difference between flour and garri production. Inputs, market, good and infrastructural facilities should be provided so as to increase production capacity and hence food security. Keywords: Cassava, Cassava flour, Garri, Gross margin, Nigeria

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Cost and Returns Analysis of Groundnut Production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2020/v5i330098 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

A. A. Dalla ◽

S. K. Vihi ◽

B. Jesse ◽

L. G. Tor

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Farm Size ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Selling Price ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Plateau State

This study assessed cost and returns analysis of groundnut production in Qua’an Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the socio economic characteristics of groundnut producers in the study area, estimate the cost and returns of groundnut production, determine the input and output relationship in groundnut production and identify the constraints faced by groundnut farmers in the study area. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 150 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and interview technique and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from the study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 38 years with males dominating (82%) the groundnut production enterprise in the study area. Greater (85%) percentages of respondents were married with majority (64%) of them having primary school education. The respondents had an average household size of nine (9) persons, a mean farming experience of 9.3 years and an average farm size of 3.0 hectares. The result also revealed that majority (72%) of the respondents did not belong to any cooperative/ farming association. The result indicates that majority (79%) of the groundnut farmers acquired their farmland by inheritance. Groundnut production in the study area is profitable. The average output obtained per hectare was 696 kg at the prevailing selling price of ₦280/kg. The total revenue (TR), gross margin (GM) and, net farm income (NFI) per hectare obtained were ₦194880, ₦139380 and ₦123730 respectively. The return on naira invested (RNI) by farmers in the study area was ₦1.70 indicating that for every one naira invested, ₦1.70 profit was gained. The result of the double log production function analysis shows that farm size, cost of fertilizer and cost of labour were statistically significant and influenced the profitability of groundnut production. Major constraints to groundnut production in the study area include; high cost of inputs (64 %), high cost of labour (49 %), lack of organized market system (47%), land tenure (42%) among others. The study recommends that groundnut stakeholders and research institutes should work more on introducing new improved groundnut varieties. Government should subsidize groundnut inputs like recommended fertilizer and herbicides so as to motivate farmers to grow groundnut. Government should establish organized marketing systems where farmers will have proper and reliable linkages with buyers thereby reducing the undue exploitative tendencies of the middlemen. Improved storage facilities should be provided so that farmers could store their produce to avoid spoilage and for sale during times of scarcity.

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Marketing of poultry eggs in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i6.2868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

I. Ibidapo ◽

M. H. Ogunsipe ◽

P. T. Owombo

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Local Government ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Poultry Eggs ◽

Ondo State ◽

The Mean

The study investigated the marketing of poultry-eggs in Ondo-West local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of one hundred and twenty-five (125) poultry-egg marketers for the study. Primary data collected with the aid of structured questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and ordinary least square regression analysis. Result showed the mean age of respondents as 44.2±9.7 years, 63.2% were female and 36.8% were male and 72.0% were married. The mean household size was 7±3 members and 58.4% had secondary education. Price fluctuation constitutes a major challenge in poultry-egg marketing. The gross margin was N 48611.37. The regression analysis revealed that stock size (number of creates), cost price, transportation cost and labour cost were the significant variables influencing the gross margin in poultry-egg marketing in the study area. Marketing of poultry-egg has improved the average household means of livelihoods and generate income. Hence, poultry-egg marketing should be encouraged in terms of access to credit, information and provision of storage facilities. L'étude portait sur la commercialisation des œufs de volaille dans la zone de gouvernement local de l'Ouest de l'Ondo dans l'État d'Ondo, au Nigéria. La technique d'échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner cent vingt-cinq (125) commerçants d'œufs de volaille pour l'étude. Les données primaires collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives, d'une analyse de la marge brute et d'une analyse de régression des moindres carrés ordinaires. Les résultats ont montré que l'âge moyen des répondants était de 44,2 ± 9,7 ans, 63,2% étaient des femmes et 36,8% étaient des hommes et 72,0% étaient mariés. La taille moyenne des ménages était de 7 ± 3 membres et 58,4% avaient une éducation secondaire. La fluctuation des prix constitue un défi majeur dans la commercialisation des œufs de volaille. La marge brute était de N48611.37. L'analyse de régression a révélé que la taille du stock (nombre de caisses, prix, coût de transport et coût de la main-d'œuvre étaient les variables importantes influençant la marge brute de commercialisation des œufs de volaille dans la zone d'étude. La Commercialisation des œufs de volaille a amélioré les moyens de subsistance moyens des ménages et constitue un moyen de générer des revenus. Par conséquent, la commercialisation des œufs de volaille doit être encouragée en termes d'accès au crédit, d'information et de fourniture d'installations de stockage.

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Economics of Cassava Flour Production in Iwajowa Local Government Area of Oyo State

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2020/v17i430199 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Oluwafemi, Zaccheaus Olaniyi

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Gross Margin ◽

New Production ◽

Cassava Flour ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Flour Production

This study investigated the economics of cassava flour production in Iwajowa Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The instrument of data collection was a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedules. A simple random sampling technique in proportion to population was used to select 120 respondents in the study area. Descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis were used to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics and cassava flour production inputs. The cassava flour processors in the study area were still in their active age with a relatively low level of education and moderate family size. Majority engaged in cassava flour production as primary occupation using soaking and sundry processing techniques. Therefore ₦23064 was the mean of gross margin in the area. It is recommended that cassava flour processors should be educated on new production technologies, assisted to have access to improved processing machine and to solve the problems itemized.

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EVALUATION OF THE PROFITABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN CASHEW NUT (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE) MARKETING IN ANKPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Journal of Asian Rural Studies ◽

10.20956/jars.v2i1.1364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Adeio P.E ◽

Adejo E.G ◽

Zakari J

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Market Integration ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Youth Participation ◽

Primary Data ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

And Performance

This study assessed youth participation in cashew nut marketing in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of the youths, examined the profitability of youth involvement in cashew nut marketing, assessed the efficiency and performance of youth in cashew nut marketing, and determined the level of market integration in cashew nut marketing. A three staged random sampling method was used to select 120 youth involved in cashew nut marketing for the study. Relevant primary data obtained through structured questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin model, marketing efficiency, and Pearson price correlation. Findings of the study showed a mean age and marketing experience of 37 years and 10 years respectively. Gross margin obtained was N 445, 563.90 per annum, N14, 811.11 per bag and N185.11per kg with a high efficiency level of 654%. The level of integration (0.415) between Awo and Enjema markets was significant 5%. Youth are encouraged to consider cashew nut marketing as an option to reduce unemployment and improve their welfare.

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Food safety knowledge among farming households in Irepodun local government area, Kwara State, Nigeria

Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.15547/ast.2019.02.030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 184-188

Author(s):

A.O. Awoyemi ◽

M.N. Ajiboy ◽

G.B. Adesiji ◽

A.O. Kayode

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Local Government ◽

Large Population ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Safety Practices ◽

Safety Knowledge ◽

Farming Households

Abstract. The study assessed the food safety knowledge and practices among farming households in Irepodun Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Irepodun LGA was purposively selected due to the large population of farmers in the area. Two-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select one hundred and four (104) respondents from five villages, namely: Elerinjare, Batanyin, Igbo-owu, Omode and Idofian. Primary data were used for the study and the data were collected by means of an interview schedule. Descriptive statistical tools such as precision counts, frequencies and percentages were used in analyzing the data while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that the mean income was 156375.50 NGN (441.74 USD) per annum, majority of the farming households have low knowledge towards food safety practices. Constraints to food safety practices include: lack of knowledge, inadequate training and awareness and inadequate finance. PPMC analysis showed that income and educational level was significantly related to the food safety practices among farmers across the selected farming households P≤0.05. Based on the findings, training and effective monitoring by relevant stakeholders, adequate provision of modern technology, sensitization and enlightenment campaigns will further boost farming household’s knowledge and attitudinal changes towards food safety and ultimately safe food for the people.

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COST AND ACCESSIBILITY RELATED FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF AREAS OF RESIDENCE IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF NAIROBI RESIDENTS

International Journal of Finance ◽

10.47941/ijf.41 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Grace W. Njoroge Kahura ◽

Prof. Joe K. Kamaria

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Primary Data ◽

Internal Space ◽

Cost Of Living ◽

Transport Costs ◽

Related Factors ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Selection Of

Purpose: The purpose the study was to investigate the cost and accessibility related factors influencing the selection of areas of residence in Kenya in the case of Nairobi residents.Methodology: The researcher used descriptive research design. The scope of the study was limited to Nairobi County. The study identified a population of 985,016 households in Nairobi County out of which a sample of 150 respondents were used. Random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from each category. The study used primary data that was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was then analysed in terms of descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages.Results: The results indicated that majority of the respondents found economic and accessibility factors as being important while choosing their places of residence. The results indicated that the most important economic factor is income, followed by transfer costs, cost of living, price, and transport costs. Ease of qualifying for a mortgage, availability of mortgage, ease of qualifying for a mortgage, maintenance costs were least ranked. The study also found that the most important accessibility factor was road network, followed by water, nearness to workplace, parking space, health centers, internal space, and electricity, and transport costs. The least ranked factors were drainage, parks and open spaces, availability of garden, and floor plans.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that cost related factors such as cost of living among others should be given a priority when making a decision on where to reside since such economic related factors touch on one’s disposable amount. It is also recommended that it would be significant for landlords to put into consideration such economic factors before concluding on either the rent prize or the prize of a piece of land since their potential tenants’ or buyers’ decision is most likely to be influenced by such factors. It is also recommended that landlords should put into consideration accessibility factors before building rental houses. Such factors as road network are very important and will obviously influence the tenants’ decision on residing in a certain area.

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Value Chain Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2019/v4i230051 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

O. O. Ilemobayo ◽

J. O. Ijigbade

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Value Chain ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Household Size ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Artisanal Fishing ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristic ◽

Net Return

To bridge the demand supply gap in the Nigerian fishing industry, the value chain analyses in artisanal fishing in the coastal area of Ondo States were investigated. Primary data was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select four fishing communities in Ilaje local government, where 35 (fishermen, processors and marketers) were each selected randomly from the communities. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Gross Margin Analysis. The socioeconomic characteristic indicated that 68.6% of the fishermen, 77.2% processors and 65.7% marketers were less than 50 years of age. Result revealed that all the fishermen were male, 91.2 % processors and 97.10% marketers were female. 62.9% of the fishermen have household greater than 4, the processors has 54.3% household size above 4 and 60% of the marketers have household size above 4. 94.3% of the fishermen have one form of education or the other, 77.1% of the processors have one form of education or the other and 65.7% of the marketers were also educated. All the marketers are into one association or the other. Budgeting analysis indicated positive margin by the two categories of marketers was ₦300.54 and ₦1,866.00 per basket respectively, a net return of 1.04 and 1.30 respectively. Processors had a positive gross margin of ₦43.871.54 and a net return of 1.12. Most influential actor is the marketer.

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Economics of palm oil production in Nsukka Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria

Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.4314/jafs.v19i1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Chinedum J. Chiemela ◽

Ikenna C. Ukwuaba ◽

Ocheje E. Ugbede ◽

Justina Ibe ◽

Chris N. Onyekwe

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Production ◽

Population Data ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Enugu State

With the increasing technological advancement and adoption in palm production, this study examined the economic viability of palm oil production in Nsukka Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu state. Specifically, the study determined the socioeconomic characteristics of palm oil producers, different production techniques adopted, costs and return and the constraints that mitigate palm oil production of the farmers. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire from 50 palm oil producers selected randomly from the population. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and gross margin model. In addition to the use of traditional production techniques, producers were identified to be using machine for their production (modern technique) and a combination of both. The gross margin analysis showed that the enterprise is viable and profitable. The study identified inaccessibility of palm fruits, high cost of harvesting, unavailability of human labour, and long duration of processing as the major constraints to palm oil production. The study recommended among others that producers need to form groups in other to be able to purchase modern machines as this will help in their production and also improve the rural infrastructures as it will help to reduce the transportation and the high cost of production challenges faced by farmers especially palm oil farmers/producers in Nsukka LGA of Enugu State.

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Rural livelihood diversification and income inequality in local government area Akinyele, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1402175a ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 175-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abimbola Adepoju ◽

Olaniyi Oyewole

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Entropy Inequality ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Primary Data ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Livelihood Strategy ◽

Rural Livelihood ◽

Farming Households

The pattern of income distribution has been a major concern in the developing world. This is because high levels of income inequality are likely to create a hostile atmosphere for economic growth and development. This study examined rural livelihood strategies and their contribution to the overall income inequality of households in Akinyele local government area of Oyo state. Primary data employed in the study were obtained from 105 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logit and the generalized entropy inequality indices as a measure of inequality. The distribution of respondents by type of livelihood strategy adopted revealed that almost half of the respondents adopted the combination of farm and non-farm strategy while 14.3% and 40.0% adopted only farm and non-farm strategy respectively. Income inequality was the highest among non-farming households and the lowest among farming households, implying that income from non-farm activities contributed most to income inequality in the study area. The study revealed that the major factor which negatively influenced the choice of farming as a livelihood strategy was household size while factors such as age and land ownership had positive and negative effects on the adoption of the non-farm strategy respectively. The study recommends that policies targeted at rural dwellers should centre on improved access to productive assets such as land for the landless farmers as well as the provision of improved technology, which could encourage the ageing farming population to engage in farming activities.

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Effect of Blended Instructional Strategy on Commerce Students Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State-Nigeria

International Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.11114/ijsss.v5i6.2419 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Etim Paulinus J.

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Local Government ◽

Secondary Schools ◽

Instructional Strategy ◽

Performance Test ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Commerce Students ◽

Instructional Package

Teaching and learning are dynamic activities that are predicated on a number of factors. The pedagogical strategy used determines the effectiveness of the teacher and students’ academic performance. This study was therefore on the effect of blended instructional strategy on Commerce students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State-Nigeria. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were raised to direct the study. The study adopted the pretest- postest non randomized quasi experimental design. Diffusion of Innovative theory and the Material-First-Rationale-Model were used to develop Commerce Instructional Package for experimentation. Two schools out of the 13 secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area met the requirement for selection and were used for the study. The sample size of 240 students in both the urban and rural schools were selected and used for the study using the simple random sampling technique. An instructional package on Commerce was developed and used in treating the experimental groups while the control groups were taught using the expository teaching strategy. Both the control and the experimental groups were pretested before treatment. Commerce Performance Test was used to examine the effect of the package and the difference in students’ performance. All the students in both control and the experimental groups were post-tested. Their scripts were marked and their scores used for analysis with the help of mean and Analysis of Co-variance. Results of the analysis showed a significant difference in academic performance of Commerce students taught with blended instructional strategy and those taught with expository method. There was also a significant difference in academic performance of male and female students as well as those students in urban and rural school location. Based on these results, the following recommendations were made to improve the teaching of Commerce and academic performance of students namely that blended instruction should be adopted in teaching Commerce and that in-service training, seminars and workshops should be organised by Government and other stake holders in Education to update the knowledge of teachers in the use of ICTs and web-based instructional strategies among other recommendations.

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