A Comparison of the Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Techniques for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Ombui ◽  
J M Mathenge
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

Phage Susceptibility and Enterotoxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Nigerian Foods

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. ADESIYUN ◽  
W. LENZ ◽  
K. P. SCHAAL
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Nigerian foods to phages in the international phage sets for typing human and bovine strains of staphylococci was determined. The enterotoxigenicity of the strains was also determined using the avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the reversed passive latex agglutination test (for staphylococcal enterotoxin D only). One hundred and five (67.7%) of 155 strains tested were susceptible to phages in both typing sets. Phages for staphylococci of human origin lysed all 105 typeable strains while those for staphylococci of bovine origin were responsible for the lysis of 92 strains. Phages in the different phage groups (mixed) were most frequently responsible for lysis, 29 (27.6%), followed by group III phages with 26 (24.8%) strains susceptible. Of the 155 strains tested, 122 (78.7%) were enterotoxigenic producing staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, or a combination. Dried beef isolates were most enterotoxigenic (100.0%) and those from fermented milk least (68.8%). Staphylococcal enterotoxins C, B, and A were elaborated either singly or in combination by 71 (58.2%), 69 (56.6%), and 62 (50.8%) strains, respectively. It was concluded that a majority of staphylococcal strains isolated from Nigerian foods originated from humans and their high enterotoxigenicity could be a health risk to consumers.

Staphylococcus aureus

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin S Bergdoll
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Strain Testing ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Abstract The analytical methods for the detection of the staphylococcal enterotoxins can be divided into 2 categories: (1) methods for detection of enterotoxin-producing staphylococcal strains; (2) methods for detection of enterotoxin in foods. Gel diffusion methods (Ouchterlony, microslide), in which the enterotoxin produced by any given strain is compared to one of the identified enterotoxins, are used most frequently for strain testing. The sensitivity of these methods is from 0.1 to 0.5 μg enterotoxin/mL, which is normally adequate to determine the enterotoxigenicity of strains. The methods for the detection of enterotoxin in foods need to be much more sensitive to detect less than 1 ng of enterotoxin/g of food that may be present. The radioimmunoassay (RIA), the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) method have the necessary sensitivity to detect 1 ng/g of enterotoxin in foods without the use of complicated extraction-concentration procedures. Kits based on the ELISA and RPLA methods are now available commercially for the detection of enterotoxins in foods. Tests have shown that the ELISA methods are somewhat more sensitive than the RPLA method.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pet dogs and cats in Beijing, China

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhai Yu ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Zhaofei Xia ◽  
Degui Lin ◽  
Yili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractSera from 534 pet dogs and 335 pet cats from Beijing (China) were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the latex agglutination test. The seropositivity by year, season, sex and age was analysed. Overall, 128 dogs (24.0%) and 50 cats (14.9%) had antibodies to T. gondii. When analysed by season, the highest seroprevalence was found in spring for dogs (31.3%) and cats (25.1%), and the differences in seroprevalence by season was statistically significant in cats (P<0.01) but not in dogs. The seroprevalence in male dogs (23.7%) and cats (15.1%) were slightly higher than their female counterparts (18.0% in dogs and 12.3% in cats). There was no obvious pattern of seropositivity or significant difference in different age groups in dogs or cats; nonetheless, a high proportion of dogs at 4 years of age were positive to T. gondii (31.8%) while cats with relatively high seropositivity rates were at 1 or 3.4 years of age (13.14%).

scholarly journals Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by specific antibody in camels of Wasit province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 412-423
Author(s):  
Basim Mohammed Hanon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite

Background: toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite, more added a major public health is worldwide because have high distribution in livestock. Objectives: the main aim of this study determine the occurrence of the seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in camels in waist province of Iraq from November 2016 to April 2017. Materials and Methods: blood samples collected of animals randomly were included six different groups of animals were diagnosed by A Latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Solid-Phase Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and Latex Agglutination Tests for Screening Toxoplasma IgG in Samples Obtained from Cats and Pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay

Serum samples from cats and pigs were analyzed by the solid-phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (SPCEI), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect latex agglutination (ILA) methods. The SPCEI and ILA methods accurately analyzed Toxoplasma IgG (T-IgG) in both clinical and spiked samples from pigs and cats. The ELISA method accurately analyzed T-IgG in spiked samples from cats and pigs or clinical samples from pigs, but it did not accurately analyze T-IgG in clinical samples from cats. The antibody used in the ELISA kit did not cross-react with cat T-IgG. The SPCEI method that uses a stand-alone automated analyzer provided quantitative analysis, whereas the ELISA and ILA methods provided qualitative or, at best, semiquantitative analysis of T-IgG. The SPCEI and ELISA methods were rapid (60–90 minutes for 30 samples), whereas the ILA method required 13–15 hours for 30 samples. Although the three methods accurately distinguished positive from negative samples, the ILA method yielded many weakly positive results that were not confirmed by either the ELISA or SPCEI method. Thus, the indirect agglutination tests may give nonspecific responses at lower T-IgG concentrations.

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