Prevalence of malaria in HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in south eastern Nigeria

Background: The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in pregnant women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count, viral load and ART compliance in HIV positive pregnant patients with the presence of ASC-US, LSIL and HSIL.Methods: Cervical samples were collected at the Antenatal Clinic of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. An Ayre’s spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix.Results: Of a total of 75 antenatal attendees, 43 were HIV positive and 32 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (N=26, 60.46%) was more common in HIV positive group compared to the HIV negative group (N=7, 21.87%) with a p value of <0.05. Cytological abnormalities were found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 and was also associated with high viral load(>10,000/mm3) and poor treatment follow up with ART.Conclusions: HIV positive pregnant women are more likely to have cervical lesions as compared to the HIV negative. This higher frequency of abnormal findings in PAP cytology in HIV positive pregnant women with higher viral loads suggest association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immune deficiency.

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HIV Retesting of HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in the Context of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Primary Health Centers in Rural Zambia: What Did We Learn?

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) ◽

10.1177/2325958218823530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 232595821882353 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Justin Mandala ◽

Prisca Kasonde ◽

Titilope Badru ◽

Rebecca Dirks ◽

Kwasi Torpey

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Antenatal Visit ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Hiv Exposed ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Hiv Negative

Background: This observational study describes implementation of HIV retesting of HIV-negative women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Zambia. Methods: Uptake of retesting and PMTCT services were compared across age, parity, and weeks of gestation at the time of the first HIV test, antiretrovirals regime, and HIV early diagnosis results from infants born to HIV-positive mothers. Results: A total of 19 090 pregnant women were tested for HIV at their first antenatal visit, 16 838 tested HIV-negative and were offered retesting 3 months later: 11 339 (67.3%) were retested; of those, 55 (0.5%) were HIV positive. Uptake of the PMTCT package by women HIV positive at retest was not different but HIV-exposed infants born to women who retested HIV positive were infected at a higher rate (11.1%) compared to those born to women who tested HIV positive at their initial test (3.2%). Conclusion: We suggest rigorously (1) measuring the proportion of MTCT attributable to women who seroconvert during pregnancy and possibly adjust PMTCT approaches and (2) addressing the substantial loss to follow-up of HIV-negative pregnant women before HIV retesting.

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High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Brazilian Pregnant Women with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2009/485423 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emilia Moreira Jalil ◽

Geraldo Duarte ◽

Patrícia El Beitune ◽

Renata Toscano Simões ◽

Patrícia Pereira dos Santos Melli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hiv Negative

Objective. To estimate HPV prevalence among pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and the possible influence of HIV-1 infection on this prevalence.Methods. A cross-sectional study with 44 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative pregnant women was conducted. Cervicovaginal specimens were obtained from all women during gynecologic exam. HPV DNA, low and high risk HPV types, was detected using conventional PCR. Statistical analysis used Student'st-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fischer's Exact test, and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval.Results. HIV-positive pregnant women had higher proportion of HPV infection than HIV-negative pregnant women (79.5% versus 58.5%;P<.05). HPV positivity prevalence ratio for HIV-positive women was 1.36 (95% CI 1.04–1.8;P=.03). There was significant association between HIV viral load levels and HPV positivity (P<.05).Conclusions. Our results demonstrate higher HPV positivity in HIV-infected pregnant women. Higher values of HIV viral load were associated with HPV positivity.

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Patient feedback surveys among pregnant women in Eswatini to improve antenatal care retention

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248685

Author(s):

Chloe A. Teasdale ◽

Amanda Geller ◽

Siphesihle Shongwe ◽

Arnold Mafukidze ◽

Michelle Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Self Report ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Response Options ◽

Post Period ◽

Hiv Negative

Background Uptake and retention in antenatal care (ANC) is critical for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and infants. Methods We implemented a rapid quality improvement project to improve ANC retention at seven health facilities in Eswatini (October-December 2017). All pregnant women attending ANC visits were eligible to participate in anonymous tablet-based audio assisted computer self-interview (ACASI) surveys. The 24-question survey asked about women’s interactions with health facility staff (HFS) (nurses, mentor mothers, receptionists and lab workers) with a three-level symbolic response options (agree/happy, neutral, disagree/sad). Women were asked to self-report HIV status. Survey results were shared with HFS at monthly quality improvement sessions. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in responses between months one and three, and between HIV-positive and negative women. Routine medical record data were used to compare retention among pregnant women newly enrolled in ANC two periods, January-February 2017 (‘pre-period’) and January-February 2018 (‘post-period’) at two of the participating health facilities. Proportions of women retained at 3 and 6 months were compared using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and Wilcoxon tests. Results A total of 1,483 surveys were completed by pregnant women attending ANC, of whom 508 (34.3%) self-reported to be HIV-positive. The only significant change in responses from month one to three was whether nurses listened with agreement increasing from 88.3% to 94.8% (p<0.01). Overall, WLHIV had significantly higher proportions of reported satisfaction with HFS interactions compared to HIV-negative women. A total of 680 pregnant women were included in the retention analysis; 454 (66.8%) HIV-negative and 226 (33.2%) WLHIV. In the pre- and post-periods, 59.4% and 64.6%, respectively, attended at least four ANC visits (p = 0.16). The proportion of women retained at six months increased from 60.9% in the pre-period to 72.7% in the post-period (p = 0.03). For HIV-negative women, pre- and post-period six-month retention significantly increased from 56.6% to 71.6% (p = 0.02); however, the increase in WLHIV retained at six months from 70.7% (pre-period) to 75.0% (post-period) was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). Conclusion The type of rapid quality improvement intervention we implemented may be useful in improving patient-provider relationships although whether it can improve retention remains unclear.

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Characterizations of Bacterial Vaginosis among HIV-positive and HIV-negative Pregnant Women

International Journal of Biomedicine ◽

10.21103/article5(3)_oa6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

Samuel Adelaiye ◽

◽

S. Shittu ◽

A. Olayinka ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Negative

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Characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV- and antiretroviral therapy-exposed fetuses: A case-control study

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (08) ◽

pp. 901-907

Author(s):

Tung-Che Hung ◽

Li-Cheng Lu ◽

Mei-Hui Lin ◽

Yu-Chia Hu ◽

Chien-Yu Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Positive Group ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: This study determined risk factors, obstetric comorbidities, and fetal conditions among HIV-positive mothers to improve their maternal care. Methodology: This retrospective case-control study included HIV-positive pregnant women 18 years of age or older and age-, parity-, and delivery method-matched HIV-negative controls between 2011 and 2018. Those who had stillbirth were excluded. Baseline demographics, labor process, CD4 count, plasma HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen were recorded. Fetal conditions were recorded as well. Results: Forty HIV-positive women (45 parities; 22 via NSD, 23 via C/S) were included, with 45 HIV-negative parities as controls. Twenty-nine (72.5%) HIV-positive women had illicit drug use. In the HIV-positive group, 17% received ART prior to first perinatal visit, and 75.6% reached viral suppression pre-delivery. Zidovudine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir were the majorly prescribed ART. Mild perineal lacerations via NSD were observed in HIV-positive women. Fetal body weight was lower in HIV- and ART-exposed fetuses (2665 vs 3010 g, p < 0.001). Preterm delivery PTB (28.9% vs 8.9%, p= 0.015) and small-for gestational age SGA (28.9% vs 8.8%, p = 0.003) rates were higher in the HIV-positive group. There was no vertical transmission of HIV. Conclusions: HIV-positive women tend to deliver fetuses with low body weight and have higher SGA and PTB rates. Given that most women received zidovudine and protease inhibitors, benefits of newer agents for HIV-positive pregnancies should be studied.

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