scholarly journals A Review of Some Agricultural Wastes in Nigeria for Sustainability in the Production of Structural Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
C. Fapohunda ◽  
A. Kilani ◽  
B. Adigo ◽  
L. Ajayi ◽  
B. Famodimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Standardization Of Procedures ◽  
Cementing Material ◽  
Small Scale Industries

A review of agricultural wastes available in Nigeria that is suitable for use in concrete industry, in order to attain sustainability in structural concrete production and practice, is presented in this paper. The wastes reviewed are: Cassava Peel Ash (CPA), Empty Palm Oil Fruit Brunch Ash (EPO-FBA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), and Saw Dust Ash (SDA). Others were Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA), Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA), Corncob Ash (CA), and Egg Shell Powder (ESP). The study revealed that some agricultural wastes that have potential for use as supplementary cementing material (SCM) for cement in the production of structural concrete abounds in Nigeria. It was also revealed that the necessity of standardization of procedures for testing of such wastes so that structural performance index can be compared. In addition, there is also the need for the development of classification methods similar to that of fly ash, so that their use can be enhanced. Using these waste materials in concrete will lead to sustainability in concrete production, reduction in the use of natural non-renewable resources, innovativeness in the use of wastes, and the development of small-scale industries.

scholarly journals Simulation of Palm Kernel Shell Gasification for Small Scale Power Generation Using Aspen Plus Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 1051 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
N A Najwa Annuar ◽  
N Kamarulzaman ◽  
Z F M Shadzalli ◽  
I H I Abdullah ◽  
P Y Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Agricultural Waste as a Partial Substitute for Granite as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Joshua Chukwuemeka Emeghai ◽  
Ogheneale Umukoro Orie
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

The paper investigated the effect of using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as a partial substitute for granite as coarse aggregate in concrete production, aimed at developing an alternative form of construction material without compromising structural integrity. Randomly sourced dried and undried palm kernel shells, were used to replace coarse aggregate by weight to a standard mix ratio of 1:2:4:0.54. The dried shells were obtained by heating in an improvised oven at 800C. The physical and geotechnical properties of the aggregates were determined. Results showed that the aggregate impact value of granite and PKS used were 0.228 and 0.104 respectively. The substitution of the coarse aggregate was varied from 0% to 20%. A slump test was used to determine the workability of the fresh concrete. A total of 108 concrete cubes measuring 100mm×100mm×100mm were investigated at 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days. The control mix gave compressive strengths of 25.67 N/mm2, 29.83 N/mm2, 31.33 N/mm2 and 35.67 N/mm2 at 7, 14, 21 and 28days respectively. The compressive strengths of undried PKS cement blended concrete and dried PKS substitute at 5% were 23.17 N/mm2, 27.00 N/mm2, 28.00 N/mm2, 26.00 N/mm2 and 17.50 N/mm2, 16.17 N/mm2, 18.16 N/mm2, 20.00 N/mm2 respectively for 7, 14, 21 and 28days curing periods. The highest compressive strength of 28.00 N/mm2 decreased by 21.50% from the control of 35.67 N/mm2. This compressive strength is adequate for light weight construction works as specified by BS EN 206:2013.

scholarly journals Estimation of Elastic Properties of Oil Palm Kernel Shell Concrete by Semianalytical Methods of Homogenisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gibigaye ◽  
Fructueux Gildas Godonou ◽  
Crespin Prudence Yabi ◽  
Gerard Degan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Experimental Values

Despite its importance as one of the key parameters in the design of structural elements, the modulus of elasticity (MoE) is one of the least researched areas in oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) concrete. In the present study, we determined the MoE of OPKS concrete, using micromechanical models based on the classic approaches of homogenisation of Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) and Mori–Tanaka (MT). The MoE values for OPKSC (fcu < 35 MPa and OPKS volume fraction < 42%) estimated using the HS and MT models in the literature showed a good correlation with the experimental values. An empirical linear correlation between the volume fraction of inclusions and the MoE was proposed. The results obtained can enable better control of the mix design of structural concrete based on the proportion of OPKS coarse aggregate in tropical countries producing palm oil.

Impact of Stress on Employees of Small Scale Industries

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dr. A. Jeyapragash Dr. A. Jeyapragash ◽  
◽  
R. Boopathi R. Boopathi
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Impact Of Human Resource Practices In Small Scale Industries In Thoothukudi District Of Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Srimo Fernandas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Human Resource Management Practices ◽  
Small Scale Industries

In the economic growth of a country, the human factor plays a vital role. The study has been made to study the growth of small scale industries in the development of human resource management practices of in Thoothukudi district. The study has the following objectives. To study the socio-economic outline of the small scale industry owners. To understand the nature of management of the small-scale industry. To find out the motivational factors for starting small-scale industries. To analyse the average income generated by different activities by the small scale industry owners.

A COMPARISON STUDY OF WATER FILTERING MATERIALSMADE FROM EXTRACTED PALM FRUIT FIBREAND PALM KERNEL SHELL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2663
Author(s):  
Jamaliah Idris ◽  
Siti Fadira Osman ◽  
Eyu Gaius ◽  
Chukwuekezie Christian
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Marketing and Sickness in Micro and Small Enterprises in India: An Inter-State Analysis with Special Reference to the Engineering Enterprises in the District of Howrah, West Bengal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manidipa Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Economic Advancement ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Inter State ◽  
State Analysis

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) [formerly Tiny and Small Scale Industries (SSIs)] are recognized as the main contributors in socio-economic advancement of any country especially the developing one like India. But due to some controllable and/or uncontrollable factors, MSEs cannot get themselves free from sickness. Sickness in MSEs expands its steps in all states in India amongst which West Bengal (WB) is specially notable mainly due to the continuous degradation of Micro and Small Engineering Enterprises of the then Birmingham/Sheffield of the East, Howrah. In WB, Howrah is considered to be the most incipient sickness-prone district for MSEs. Government effort to locate the probable causes of sickness of MSEs has exposed that in India, lack of demand of the product of MSEs in market is the most sever one, while in WB, marketing problem holds the maximum severity, followed by lack of demand which is also partially due to the marketing problem. The present paper aims at identifying how far the major responsible causes in marketing related area are liable in bringing about sickness in Micro and Small Engineering Enterprises.

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