scholarly journals Laryngeal stent for acute and chronic respiratory distress in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Ricart ◽  
Sergio Martín Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Miguel Duré
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Silicone Stent

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

Evaluation of Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization for the Treatment of Laryngeal Paralysis in 14 Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thunberg ◽  
Gary C. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis

Laryngeal paralysis is a relatively common cause of upper airway obstruction in middle-aged to older, large-breed dogs; however, it is rare in the cat. The purpose of this study is to describe a series of cats diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis treated by unilateral arytenoid lateralization. Fourteen cats met the criteria of the study. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were seen in 21% (three of 14) and 50% (seven of 14) of cases, respectively. Median duration of follow-up was 11 months (range 3 weeks to 8 years). None of these cats had recurrence of clinical signs. Based on this brief case series, unilateral arytenoid lateralization appeared to be a suitable method for treating laryngeal paralysis in cats. Additional studies are warranted to determine the type and frequency of long-term complications.

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of lung lobe torsions in cats: a review of 10 cases (2000–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110548
Author(s):  
Catherine Tindale ◽  
Filippo Cinti ◽  
Matteo Cantatore ◽  
Alistair Freeman ◽  
Leonardo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobes

Case series summary Lung lobe torsion is rare in cats. The aim of this multi-institution retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic findings, treatments and outcomes of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in 10 cats. Dyspnoea and tachypnoea were the most common clinical signs. Pleural effusion was present in nine cats at presentation. Fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax in three cats. Nine cats underwent CT and five cats had thoracic radiographs taken. A diagnosis was made preoperatively in six cats, while in the other four cats it was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Affected lung lobes were the right cranial (n = 4/11), left cranial (n = 4/11) and right middle (n = 3/11). One cat had a concurrent torsion of two lung lobes. Lung lobectomy was successfully performed in all cases. Based on clinical, diagnostic and lung histopathology findings, three cats had idiopathic and seven cats secondary LLT. Intraoperative complications included hypotension and hypothermia in four and five cats, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in six cats and lead to euthanasia or death in four cats, whereas complications resolved in the other two cats. Three cats were euthanased within 5 weeks of discharge. For the three cats surviving long term, including one euthanased at 252 days postoperatively, owner-described outcomes and quality of life were considered good to excellent. Relevance and novel information Secondary LLT associated with underlying thoracic pathology was associated with high complication rates and poor outcomes. Long-term outcomes of cats undergoing surgery for LLT and surviving the perioperative period were deemed good to excellent.

scholarly journals Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease?

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Francesco Albanese ◽  
Francesca Abramo ◽  
Michele Marino ◽  
Maria Massaro ◽  
Laura Marconato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Dermal Infiltrate

Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema, and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival = 1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL is associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment, implying a more challenging discrimination between CL and CEL in this species. A complete diagnostic workup and detailed follow-up information on a higher number of cases is warrant for dogs.

scholarly journals DOWN SYNDROME – LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF CLINICAL EVOLUTION AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Codruța Diana Petchesi ◽  
◽  
Gabriela Ciavoi ◽  
Florentina Feier ◽  
Oana Alexandra Iuhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Chromosomal Disorder

Introduction. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, with a worldwide frequency of 1 case in 700 live births. Objectives. Starting from the hypothesis that with the increased life expectancy of the patients with Down syndrome, new phenotypic changes and new dysfunctions are expected to appear, we proposed a longitudinal study to analyze their evolution over a long period of time. Material and method. This is a longitudinal study, based on retrospective research and descriptive evaluation, performed on a group of 81 patients from the case series of the Bihor Regional Center for Medical Genetics from Oradea. Results. We have identified 4 types of evolutionary trends of the clinical signs: stationary, involutive, progressive and with late onset. Conclusions. Knowledge of the natural evolution of the signs and symptoms of the disease is indispensable in the long-term monitoring of patients with Down syndrome. The birth of a child with Down syndrome is a real drama for the family with a strong emotional impact that can be prevented or mitigated by facilitating prenatal diagnosis, psychological counselling, social support and specialized genetic advice.

scholarly journals Neonatal Curettage of Large to Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Under Local Anesthetic: A Case Series With Long-Term Follow Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 120347542110577
Author(s):  
Laura C. Soong ◽  
Alma Bencivenga ◽  
Loretta Fiorillo
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Background Neonatal curettage of large to giant congenital melanocytic nevi (L-GCMN) is a simple, minimally invasive procedure typically performed within the first 2 weeks of life. Objectives To retrospectively review our experience with serial curettage of L-GCMN in the neonatal period performed under local anesthesia and their long-term outcomes. Methods Curettage was performed by a single pediatric dermatologist on nine neonates with L-GCMN under local anesthetic and with oral analgesia between 2002 and 2016 in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to assess patient and procedure characteristics, tolerability, safety, cosmetic and functional outcomes, and malignant transformation. Results Patients were treated with an average of 6 curettage sessions (range 3 to 15) to remove the majority or entirety of the nevus. All patients tolerated local anesthesia well. The most common adverse event of the procedure was transient neutropenia. Two patients developed positive bacterial cultures without clinical signs of infection, treated with antibiotics. All curetted specimens demonstrated benign pathology. Patients were followed annually thereafter, for an average of 6 years. Eight patients with L-GCMN of the trunk had minimal to partial repigmentation with good cosmetic outcome. One patient had recurrence of a facial nevus. None of the patients developed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Conclusions Curettage appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for select cases of L-GCMNs of the trunk. We do not recommend the procedure for face or scalp CMN. This procedure can be performed under local anesthesia with serial curettage to avoid potential risks of general anesthesia.

Arthroscopic treatment of fragmented coronoid process with severe elbow incongruity

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Bakker ◽  
D. Van Vynckt ◽  
E. Coppieters ◽  
H. van Bree ◽  
B. Van Ryssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Treatment

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term treatment results of fragmented coronoid process (FCP) in joints with a radio-ulnar step greater than 3 mm. Treatment of these patients only consisted of fragment removal, without correction of the incongruity.The eight Bernese Mountain Dogs (11 joints) included in this study showed obvious clinical signs of elbow disease and were diagnosed with severe elbow incongruity and concomitant FCP in the time period from 1999–2003. At that time, elbow radiography, computed tomography, and arthroscopy were performed. The mean follow-up period was 5.6 years. The follow-up consisted of a telephone questionnaire combined with a clinical and radiographic re-evaluation at our clinic.The questionnaire revealed that all dogs were either free of lameness or only lame following heavy exercise. One dog sporadically required medication after heavy exercise. The owner satisfaction rate was 100%. The clinical re-evaluation did not reveal any signs of pain or lameness in all cases. Range-of- motion was decreased in nine of the 11 elbows. Radiographs revealed an increase in severity of osteoarthritis in every case.In this case series, arthroscopic fragment removal without treatment of incongruity was demonstrated to be a valuable treatment option and may provide a satisfactory long-term outcome.

Hiatal Hernia in the Dog: A Clinical Report of Four Chinese Shar Peis

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent P. Guiot ◽  
Jennifer L. Lansdowne ◽  
Pierre Rouppert ◽  
Bryden J. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Barium Esophagram

Four Chinese shar pei littermate puppies were presented for vomiting, regurgitation, hypersalivation, and poor growth. Diagnosis of hiatal hernia was made for each of the four dogs based on survey radiographs and barium esophagram studies. All dogs initially underwent medical therapy, to which only one dog responded. All dogs underwent surgical treatment, which included manual hernia reduction followed by phrenoplasty, esophagopexy, and left incisional gastropexy, 5 to 40 days following initiation of medical therapy. The three surgical techniques described eliminated the need to enter the pleural cavity and offered excellent long-term results with no recurrence of clinical signs following surgery.

scholarly journals Is breastfeeding safe with azathioprine?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Jan Qualie ◽  
Andrew Currie ◽  
Edmund S Howarth ◽  
Manjiri M Khare
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background Azathioprine is commonly used as an immunosuppressant during pregnancy in the management of various conditions such as connective tissue disorders, inflammatory bowel disease and pregnant women with organ transplant. Continuation of azathioprine through pregnancy and postpartum is vital for maternal reasons. However, there is limited evidence regarding safety of use of azathioprine with breastfeeding. Methods and results We report an observational case series of 10 mother–baby pairs managed at a tertiary teaching hospital. Mothers on azathioprine who were keen to breastfeed were counselled antenatally regarding limited short-term and long-term safety data for the babies. Mothers participating in this study completed a questionnaire at every visit. At follow-up visits, babies were examined by a neonatologist for clinical signs of infection and checked for adverse effects on haematological profile. Conclusion There was no clinically significant adverse effect on haematological profile or immunosuppression in these babies. Our case series supports safety of azathioprine in the short term. However, large numbers are needed to determine long-term safety of azathioprine and breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Proximal hypospadias: we aren’t always keeping our promises

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Long ◽  
Douglas A. Canning
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Proximal Hypospadias ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Standardized Documentation ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Hypospadias Surgery

Hypospadias surgery is a humbling art form. The evolution of surgical techniques has made distal hypospadias outcomes favorable, but recent publications suggest that our complication rates for proximal hypospadias are much higher than previously reported. To explain these shortcomings, we examine the literature and focus on the lack of standardized documentation, the subsequent inability to objectify the severity of the phenotype, and the underestimation of complications due to lack of long-term follow up. The variability in surgical technique and the fact that the literature abounds with small case series from single institutions also limits our ability to compare outcomes. We believe that the use of standardized and scored phenotype assessments from diagnosis through the extended postoperative period will allow for improved scientific assessment of outcomes. This will facilitate multi-institution collaboration and tabulation of outcomes, allowing rapid data accumulation and assessment for this rare disorder. As surgeons, we must follow boys through puberty into adulthood and must honestly report our results in order to advance our surgical approach to this complicated problem.

scholarly journals Long-term survival in six cats with mediastinal cysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 998-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrine M Camero ◽  
Zachary L Neumann ◽  
Laura D Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Single Lumen ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Mediastinal Cysts ◽  
The Masses

Case series summary Mediastinal cysts were diagnosed as incidental findings in six cats evaluated for non-thoracic disease, including staging for historical bladder leiomyosarcoma, flea dermatitis and hairballs, and hyperthyroidism. Radiographically, the cysts appeared as soft tissue opacities cranial to the heart. Ultrasound revealed the masses to be thin-walled, single lumen, anechoic, fluid-filled structures. One cat also had thoracic and abdominal CT performed for cancer staging; the CT revealed a well-defined, fluid-attenuating mass without peripheral contrast enhancement in the cranial mediastinum. Fine-needle aspiration confirmed acellular fluid consistent with a cyst in five cases; in one case the cyst ruptured during aspiration and no fluid was obtained. Post-aspiration, all masses were no longer visible with ultrasound or radiographs. No treatment was recommended for the cysts. Long-term follow-up (2–9 years post-diagnosis) was available in all six cats. The cysts recurred in five cats but were never associated with clinical signs. Relevance and novel information Mediastinal cysts are an important benign differential for cranial mediastinal masses in cats. Treatment for the cysts does not appear to be indicated. This series also includes the first CT description of this clinical entity.

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