Determination of Magnetic susceptibility of hydrocarbon contaminated soils in Port Harcourt and Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria

In this study, determination of magnetic susceptibility were carried out on 366 soil samples using MS2B magnetic susceptibility meter connected to a computer system using MULTISUS2 software. The soil samples were selected from six sites namely: Shell environment, Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas environment, Port Harcourt Refining Company James Hart, New Jerusalem and Port Harcourt respectively. Three of the six sites; Shell, NLNG and Port-Harcourt Refining Company environments have their soils contaminated with hydrocarbon. One hundred and ninety two (192) soil samples were collected from these hydrocarbon contaminated sites and 174 from non-hydrocarbon contaminated soil (control samples). The magnetic susceptibility values obtained from Shell environment and for hydrocarbon samples showed higher (enhanced) magnetic susceptibility with average values of 117.54x10-8 m3kg-1 and 2016.39x10-8 m3kg-1 and a moderate magnetic susceptibility for with an average value of 20.83x10-8 m3kg-1 in comparison to magnetic susceptibility values obtained from the control samples whose average values were 2.39x10-8 m3kg-1, 12.42x10-8 m3kg-1 and 3.31x10-8 m3kg-1 for James Hart, New Jerusalem and Port Harcourt respectively. This means that the hydrocarbon sites are highly magnetic which could be indication of pollution. The results of the percentage frequency dependent susceptibility (χFD%) obtained in the hydrocarbon samples showed about 16% of the samples had percentage frequency dependent susceptibility (χFD%) values between 0-2%, 53% had values of χFD% between 2-10% and 31% had χFD% between 10-12% and above while about 21% of the control samples had χFD% values between 0-2%, 58% between 2-10% and 21% between 10-12% and above. The high magnetic susceptibility value in the hydrocarbon soil samples is an indication of pollution due to hydrocarbon deposit. The Government is therefore advised to monitor the location and activities of the oil companies and initiate quick mop up strategies should be put in place in the eventuality of oil spillage.

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Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26072004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2004

Author(s):

Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha ◽

Jirayu Sitanurak ◽

Hermin Sulistyarti ◽

Duangjai Nacapricha ◽

Kanchana Uraisin

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Linear Calibration ◽

Detection Zone ◽

Free Paper ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Imagej Software

This work presents a simple and innovative protocol employing a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for equipment-free determination of mercury. In this method, mercury (II) forms an ionic-association complex of tetraiodomercurate (II) ion (HgI42−(aq)) using a known excess amount of iodide. The residual iodide flows by capillary action into a second region of the paper where it is converted to iodine by pre-deposited iodate to liberate I2(g) under acidic condition. Iodine vapor diffuses across the spacer region of the µPAD to form a purple colored of tri-iodide starch complex in a detection zone located in a separate layer of the µPAD. The digital image of the complex is analyzed using ImageJ software. The method has a linear calibration range of 50–350 mg L−1 Hg with the detection limit of 20 mg L−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury in contaminated soil and water samples which the results agreed well with the ICP-MS method. Three soil samples were highly contaminated with mercury above the acceptable WHO limits (0.05 mg kg−1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first colorimetric µPAD method that is applicable for soil samples including mercury contaminated soils from gold mining areas.

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Influence of the soil organic matter content on voltammetric determination of derivatised glyphosate in herbicide contaminated soils

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc2011086 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 1263-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleš Daňhel ◽

Josino C. Moreira ◽

Silvana Jacob ◽

Jiří Barek

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Differential Pulse ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Limits Of Detection ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content ◽

Routine Monitoring

The method for monitoring of Glyphosate (GP) in soil samples containing different organic matter content based on differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode was developed to reach higher sample preparation efficiency, its repeatability and sufficient limits of detection. The soil samples with three different organic matter contents (evaluated as total organic carbon contents 30.7, 13.0 and 6.3 g kg–1) were tested. The decreasing content of organic matter resulted in a decreasing recoveries (86, 78 and 68%, respectively), with RSD around 10%. The GP derivatised to N-nitrosoglyphosate (NO-GP) can be determined using the adopted method with limits of detection around 2 ppm in the soil samples. This method might be further utilized for routine monitoring of the GP in soil samples during investigation of its effect on the soil biota.

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Extremely high demands for measurement accuracy in precise determination of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility of rocks and soils

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica ◽

10.1007/s11200-010-0079-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 667-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

František Hrouda ◽

Jiří Pokorný

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Precise Determination ◽

Frequency Dependent

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Determination of oil and oil products total content in soils for monitoring of contamination and effectiveness of remediation

Fundamental and Applied Soil Science ◽

10.15421/041516 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (3-4) ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

V. L. Samokhvalova ◽

A. I. Fateev ◽

P. A. Samokhvalova ◽

O. V. Mandryka ◽

V. D. Bublyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Content ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Oil Hydrocarbons ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Oil And Oil Products

The method of determining the content of oil and petroleum products in the soils is substantiated through the use established by thermogravimetric curves optimum temperatures and time intervals thermal sample of contaminated soil, determination of total losses its weight on the appropriate formula which ensures the quantitative determination of total content level of hydrocarbons of oil and oil products in the soil with increased accuracy and quick testing of the method. In the methodical approach by combining individual components of the known methods thermogravimetry and gas chromatography, the distribution regularities of changes in the sample mass under the influence of thermal effects on a new class of objects with simultaneous production of a rapid method for determination of total content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, provided simplification soil samples algorithm analyzing for pollution monitoring and the remediation effectiveness of obtaining the economic use of resources. The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, soil quality, namely to the ways of determine the content of oil and petroleum products (diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, etc.) in contaminated soils while of soils lands plot monitoring. The method can be used in the field of conservancy in the oil industrial complex in determining the degree of contamination of soil for rapid analysis of soil samples; in agroecology, soil ecological management for environmental monitoring of technologically contaminated soils of lands plots for various purposes and their using; in research practice - to investigate the thermal processes and properties of soils; elaboration of scientific and methodical bases of contaminated soils monitoring (diagnosis, assessment, forecast ecological state), environmental regulation of organic nature contaminants in soils; regulation of the using and soil remediation processes to improve quality. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature data and results of long-term experiments it was determined the optimal temperature range of 280–500 ○C with different temperature ranges of thermal evaporation the fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons. Series conducted modeling experiments with varying temperature, time, sample the soils and the changing quantitative and qualitative composition of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils, the total petroleum hydrocarbons thermogravimetric method has been found that the thermal degradation of contaminated soils samples formed various fractions of hydrocarbons, which leads to increased losses mass Dm contaminated soil sample to obtain thermogravimetric curves. By the method of gas chromatography, in the range of 100–200 ○C it is set the selective extraction of lighter fractions of petroleum and petroleum products in the soil; in the range of 280–350 ○C – it is noted a sharp increase in the rate of decomposition of oil saturated hydrocarbons (C10–C40) with intensive gas evolution, the formation of a mixture of reaction products is a significant amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Thus, the use of established ranges of determining the optimum temperature desorption fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons and their thermal degradation of soil samples for thermolysis with simultaneous identification of the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soil, it is possible to determine the total amount of oil hydrocarbons fractions in soil as the amount of oil hydrocarbons. The proposed algorithm method is suitable for the soils of different genesis. It is determined that the consistent increase in temperature is a necessary procedure for the identification of pollution if soil sample analysis of the expected low concentrations of oil and petroleum products and water content in soils of different types and different size distribution of more than 5 % of oil production zones. By evaluating the flow of thermal processes in the surveyed contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples the temperature ranges degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is determined. Their using, as an indicator, significantly reduced the timing of selection of optimal technological parameters of thermal oils in the soils for determining the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soils, pollution monitoring and remediation efficiency control.

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Development and optimization of headspace and headspace-solid phase microextraction for the determination of volatile fuel compounds in environmental sampless

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n3.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

María Balseiro-Romero ◽

Raquel Chaves-Padín ◽

Carmen Monterroso

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Fuel Oxygenates ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Benzene Toluene ◽

Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons

The application of an effective and sensitive analytical method to determine soil contaminants is a crucial step in the monitoring and remediation processes. In the present work, we optimized the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VFOC) commonly present in fuel: oxygenates (FO-MTBE and ETBE-) and monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). Headspace (HS) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were optimized in water samples, and validated for contaminated soils, using artificially spiked soils. Contaminants were identified and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Matrix effect correction with surrogate standards resulted essential when analyzing soil samples, especially when the sample exerted a strong sorption on the contaminants.

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