Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Shellfish, Sediment and Waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DePAOLA ◽  
M. W. PRESNELL ◽  
M. L. MOTES ◽  
R. M. McPHEARSON ◽  
R. M. TWEDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Adrenal Cell ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Shellfish Sanitation ◽  
The U.S

In a study conducted throughout U.S. Gulf Coastal waters, Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was isolated more frequently from water samples than from shellfish or sediment samples. Frequency of V. cholerae recovery was directly related to water temperature and inversely related to salinity. The presence of V. cholerae was not adequately indicated by the fecal coliform standards for shellfish-growing waters and market shellfish as established by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Although all cultures tested by the Y-1 mouse adrenal cell assay or by radioimmunoassay for production of a cholera toxin-like toxin were negative, 4 of 13 isolates caused diarrhea in the infant rabbit.

Incidence of Listeria spp. in Shrimp, Oysters, and Estuarine Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILES L. MOTES
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Estuarine Waters ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The U.S

A total of 227 samples, including oysters, shrimp, and water, was collected along the U.S. Gulf Coast and examined to determine the presence of Listeria spp. Listeria spp. were recovered more frequently from shrimp than from water but were not recovered from oysters. Recovery of Listeria spp. from shrimp and waters was improved at temperatures ≤20°C; however, recovery was not affected by salinity or related to the fecal coliform standard for shellfish-growing waters. Although only 5% of the test samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, all Listeria positive shrimp contained L. monocytogenes. The incidence of Listeria spp. in shrimp was low; nevertheless, shrimp represent a potential source of Listeria contamination to processing plants and their products.

scholarly journals Vibriophage VcA-3 as an epidemic strain marker for the U.S. Gulf Coast Vibrio cholerae O1 clone.

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Almeida ◽  
D N Cameron ◽  
W L Cook ◽  
I K Wachsmuth
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus in the U.S. Gulf Coast region.

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Kaper ◽  
J P Nataro ◽  
N C Roberts ◽  
R J Siebeling ◽  
H B Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Gulf Coast Region ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Natural Enterovirus and Fecal Coliform Contamination of Gulf Coast Oysters

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. ELLENDER ◽  
J. B. MAPP ◽  
B. L. MIDDLEBROOKS ◽  
D. W. COOK ◽  
E. W. CAKE
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Shellfish Sanitation ◽  
Echovirus Type ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Viral Isolates

The numbers of fecal coliforms and enteroviruses present in oysters and/or their growing waters of two Mississippi reefs were determined over a 12-month period. Bacterial and viral levels reflected the classification of the waters at each location as set by the Mississippi State Board of Health in compliance with the National Shellfish Sanitation Program, but statistically significant correlations between these levels were not observed. Twelve viral isolates were found at an approved oyster harvesting location, eight of which were identified as poliovirus type 1. At the prohibited site, 146 viruses were isolated including poliovirus types 1 and 2, echovirus type 24 and several isolates which remain to be identified. The number of virus isolates from samples from each location represented approximately 35% of the number of plaques observed; however, no consistent ratio of plaque to confirmed virus was demonstrated. The results suggest that the fecal coliform levels in oyster growing waters do not reflect the level of virus contaminaton in either approved or prohibited waters.

scholarly journals Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/O139 Isolate from a Case of Human Gastroenteritis in the U.S. Gulf Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur A. Hasan ◽  
Talayeh Rezayat ◽  
Peter J. Blatz ◽  
Seon Young Choi ◽  
Kimberly J. Griffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The U.S

An occurrence ofVibrio choleraenon-O1/O139 gastroenteritis in the U.S. Gulf Coast is reported here. Genomic analysis revealed that the isolate lacked known virulence factors associated with the clinical outcome of aV. choleraeinfection but did contain putative genomic islands and other accessory virulence factors. Many of these factors are widespread among environmental strains ofV. cholerae, suggesting that there might be additional virulence factors in non-O1/O139V. choleraeyet to be determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belonged to a phyletic lineage of environmentalV. choleraeisolates associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in the Western Hemisphere, suggesting a need to monitor non-O1/O139V. choleraein the interest of public health.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the U.S. Gulf Coast.

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Kaper ◽  
H B Bradford ◽  
N C Roberts ◽  
S Falkow
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The U.S

Occurrence of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in Oysters in Mobile Bay, Alabama: An Ecological Investigation

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILES MOTES ◽  
ANGELO DePAOLA ◽  
SABRINA ZYWNO-VAN GINKEL ◽  
MERRILL MCPHEARSON
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Mobile Bay ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba, resembling the epidemic Latin American strains (C6706, C6707), was recovered from oysters taken from Mobile Bay, Alabama, on five separate occasions between July 1991 and September 1992. Levels of toxigenic V. cholerae in the oysters, estimated by the most probable number procedure, ranged from 101 to 107 per 100 g. Isolates characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis resembled isolates previously recovered from five cargo ships docked at Gulf of Mexico ports. This study details the first reported isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from oysters in U.S. coastal waters. As with the Gulf Coast strain, the occurrence of the epidemic strain seems to be sporadic and essentially limited to the warmer months.

ANALYSIS OF ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD IN THE SYSTEM WATER-BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN THE BACH DANG ESTUARY (VIETNAM)

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Truong Van Tuan ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
System Water ◽  
Water Bottom

Research was held in the estuary of the river Bach Dang (Dongbay community, Rakhtay district, Hai Phong, Vietnam) in June, 2012 - May, 2013. Concentration of lead was studied in water, suspended solids and bottom sediment. Clam beach (natural breeding environment of Meretrix lyrata ) was inspected regularly, every month. Water samples were taken 6 times from the bottom layer 10 cm down the bottom, once per 3 hours in each of 12 investigated zones. Bottom sediment samples were taken at the depth 2 cm. The findings show that lead accumulates mainly in suspended solids (23.3 mg/kg) and in bottom sediment (14.31 mg/kg), in water it is in small quantities (0.003 mg/kg). Analysis of bottom sediment samples taken in different places showed that they have even leadcontent, lead is distributed uniformly, localization of contaminations is not found. The results obtained can be assumed as the basis for investigating lead accumulation and its excretion by clam Meretrix lyrata organisms in the natural habitat.

scholarly journals The Roles of Labor and Profitability in Choosing a Grazing Strategy for Beef Production in the U.S. Gulf Coast Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Gillespie ◽  
Wayne Wyatt ◽  
Brad Venuto ◽  
David Blouin ◽  
Robert Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Gulf Coast Region ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
The U.S

Comparisons are made concerning labor required and profitability associated with continuous grazing at three stocking rates and rotational grazing at a high stocking rate in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. A unique data set was collected using a time and motion study method to determine labor requirements. Profits are lowest for low stocking rate–continuous grazing and high stocking rate–rotational grazing. Total labor and labor in three specific categories are greater on per acre and/or per cow bases with rotational-grazing than with continuous-grazing strategies. These results help to explain relatively low adoption rates of rotational grazing in the region.

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