Thermal Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus in a Fat-Free Egg Product

High-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus, low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) and low-virulent Newcastle disease virus (lNDV) can be present on the eggshell surface, and HPAI viruses and vNDV can be present in the internal contents of chicken eggs laid by infected hens. With the increase in global trade, egg products could present potential biosecurity problems and affect international trade in liquid and dried egg products. Therefore, the generation of survival curves to determine decimal reduction times (DT -values) and change in heat resistance of the viruses (zD-value) within fat-free egg product could provide valuable information for development of risk reduction strategies. Thermal inactivation studies using A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) HPAI virus resulted in D55-, D56-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, and D59-values of 18.6, 8.5, 3.6, 2.5, 0.4, and 0.4 min, respectively. The zD-value was 4.4°C. LPAI virus A/chicken/New York/13142/94 (H7N2) had D55-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, D59-, and D60-values of 2.9, 1.4, 0.8, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.5 min, respectively, and a z-value of 0.4°C. vNDV avian paramyxoviruses of serotype 1 (AMPV-1)/chicken/California/212676/2002 had D55-, D56-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, and D59-values of 12.4, 9.3, 6.2, 5, 3.7, and 1.7 min, respectively. The zD-value was 4.7°C. lNDV AMPV-1/chicken/United States/B1/1948 had D55-, D57-, D58-, D59-, D61-, and D63-values of 5.3, 2.2, 1.1, 0.55, 0.19, and 0.17 min, respectively, and a zD-value of 1.0°C. Use of these data in developing egg pasteurization standards for AI and NDV-infected countries should allow safer trade in liquid egg products.

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Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Egg Pasteurization Processes on the Inactivation of High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus in Processed Egg Products

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-369 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 640-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

REVIS A. CHMIELEWSKI ◽

JOAN R. BECK ◽

DAVID E. SWAYNE

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Egg Products ◽

Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Lower Temperature

Globally, 230,662 metric tons of liquid egg products are marketed each year. The presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or Newcastle disease in an exporting country can legitimately inhibit trade in eggs and processed egg products; development and validation of pasteurization parameters are essential for safe trade to continue. The HPAI virus (HPAIV) A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 (H5N2) and velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) AMPV-1/chicken/California/S01212676/2002 were inoculated into five egg products and heat treated at various times and temperatures to determine thermal inactivation rates to effect a 5-log viral reduction. For HPAIV and vNDV, the pasteurization processes for fortified, sugared, plain, and salted egg yolk, and homogenized whole egg (HPAIV only) products resulted in >5-log reductions in virus at the lower temperature–longer times of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)–approved Salmonella pasteurization processes. In addition, a >5-log reduction of HPAIV was also demonstrated for the five products at the higher temperatures–shorter times of USDA-approved pasteurization processes, whereas the vNDV virus was adequately inactivated in only fortified and plain egg yolk products. For the salted and sugared egg yolk products, an additional 0.65 and 1.6 min of treatment, respectively, at 63.3°C was necessary to inactivate 5 log of vNDV. Egg substitute with fat does not have standard USDA pasteurization criteria, but the D59-value was 0.75 min, adequate to inactivate 5 log of vNDV in <4 min.

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Inactivation of low pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza virus and lentogenic Newcastle disease virus following pasteurization in liquid egg products

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Revis A. Chmielewski ◽

Joan R. Beck ◽

Vijay K. Juneja ◽

David E. Swayne

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Egg Products

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Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particles Containing DC-Binding Peptide-Fused Haemagglutinin Protect Chickens from Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Challenge

Virologica Sinica ◽

10.1007/s12250-020-00199-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 455-467

Author(s):

Xiaohong Xu ◽

Jing Qian ◽

Lingsong Qin ◽

Jindou Li ◽

Cong Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Binding Peptide ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus

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A novel recombinant attenuated Newcastle disease virus expressing H9 subtype hemagglutinin protected chickens from challenge by genotype VII virulent Newcastle disease virus and H9N2 avian influenza virus

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 228 ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiaohong Xu ◽

Cong Xue ◽

Xinxin Liu ◽

Junjiao Li ◽

Yidong Fei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽

Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Genotype Vii

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Thymic transcriptome analysis after Newcastle disease virus inoculation in chickens and the influence of host small RNAs on NDV replication

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89464-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liangxing Guo ◽

Zhaokun Mu ◽

Furong Nie ◽

Xuanniu Chang ◽

Haitao Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Immune Genes ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Chicken Thymus ◽

Innate Immune Genes

AbstractNewcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious viral disease affecting various birds and poultry worldwide. In this project, differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in chicken thymus at 24, 48, 72 or 96 h post LaSota NDV vaccine injection versus pre-inoculation group. The vital terms or pathways enriched by vaccine-influenced genes were tested through KEGG and GO analysis. DE genes implicated in innate immunity were preliminarily screened out through GO, InnateDB and Reactome Pathway databases. The interaction networks of DE innate immune genes were established by STRING website. Considering the high expression of gga-miR-6631-5p across all the four time points, DE circRNAs or mRNAs with the possibility to bind to gga-miR-6631-5p were screened out. Among DE genes that had the probability to interact with gga-miR-6631-5p, 7 genes were found to be related to innate immunity. Furthermore, gga-miR-6631-5p promoted LaSota NDV replication by targeting insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) in DF-1 chicken fibroblast cells. Taken together, our data provided the comprehensive information about molecular responses to NDV LaSota vaccine in Chinese Partridge Shank Chickens and elucidated the vital roles of gga-miR-6631-5p/INSIG1 axis in LaSota NDV replication.

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Comparison of single 1-day-old chick vaccination using a Newcastle disease virus vector with a prime/boost vaccination scheme against a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 challenge

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2013.873111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 68-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Helena Lage Ferreira ◽

Fabienne Rauw ◽

Jean François Pirlot ◽

Frédéric Reynard ◽

Thierry van den Berg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Vaccination Scheme ◽

Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽

Influenza H5n1

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High Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Wild and Domestic Birds in Northeastern China from 2013 to 2015 Reveals Potential Epidemic Trends

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03402-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 1530-1536 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pingze Zhang ◽

Guangyao Xie ◽

Xinxin Liu ◽

Lili Ai ◽

Yanyu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Class Ii ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Class I ◽

Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Domestic Birds

ABSTRACTNewcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important viral diseases of birds globally, but little is currently known regarding enzootic trends of NDV in northeastern China, especially for class I viruses. Thus, we performed a surveillance study for NDV in northeastern China from 2013 to 2015. A total 755 samples from wild and domestic birds in wetlands and live bird markets (LBMs) were collected, and 10 isolates of NDV were identified. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that five isolates from LBMs belong to class I subgenotype 1b, two (one from wild birds and one from LBMs) belong to the vaccine-like class II genotype II, and three (all from wild birds) belong to class II subgenotype Ib. Interestingly, the five class I isolates had epidemiological connections with viruses from southern, eastern, and southeastern China. Our findings, together with recent prevalence trends of class I and virulent class II NDV in China, suggest possible virus transmission between wild and domestic birds and the potential for an NDV epidemic in the future.

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