On the role of stimulus similarity and segmentation in misprint detection

AbstractSeveral contemporary models of associative learning anticipate that the higher responding to a compound of two cues separately trained with a common outcome than to each of the cues alone -a summation effect-is modulated by the similarity between the cues forming the compound. Here, we explored this hypothesis in a series of causal learning experiments with humans. Participants were presented with two visual cues that separately predicted a common outcome and later asked for the outcome predicted by the compound of the two cues. Importantly, the cues’ similarity was varied between groups through changes in shape, spatial position, color, configuration and rotation. In variance with the predictions of these models, we observed similar and strong levels of summation in both groups across all manipulations of similarity (Experiments 1-5). The summation effect was significantly reduced by manipulations intended to impact assumptions about the causal independence of the cues forming the compound, but this reduction was independent of stimulus similarity (Experiment 6). These results are problematic for similarity-based models and can be more readily explained by rational approaches to causal learning.

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The role of response-produced cues in paired-associate transfer as a function of intralist stimulus similarity

Psychonomic Science ◽

10.3758/bf03331478 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 197-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David M. del Castillo ◽

Henry C. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Paired Associate ◽

Stimulus Similarity

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Did you hear that? The role of stimulus similarity and uncertainty in auditory change deafness

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01125 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kelly Dickerson ◽

Jeremy R. Gaston

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Similarity ◽

Change Deafness

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The Capacity and Organization of Gustatory Working Memory

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144033/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Li Lim ◽

Richard Höchenberger ◽

Iryna Ruda ◽

Gereon Fink ◽

Shivakumar Viswanathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Food Intake ◽

Serial Position ◽

Associative Learning ◽

Time Scales ◽

Hybrid Model ◽

Limited Capacity ◽

Stimulus Similarity ◽

Short Time

Abstract Remembering a particular taste is crucial in food intake and associative learning. We investigated whether taste can be dynamically encoded, maintained, and retrieved on short time-scales consistent with working memory (WM). We used novel single and multi-item taste recognition tasks to investigate the organization and capacity of gustatory WM. In Experiment 1, we show that a single taste can be reliably recognized despite multiple oro-sensory interferences suggesting active and resilient maintenance. When multiple tastes were presented, the resolution with which these could be maintained, depended on their serial position implying a role of attention. Participants reliably recognized up to three tastes, compatible with a limited capacity of gustatory WM. Lastly, recognition was better for match than foil trials likely due to increased stimulus similarity in foil trials. Together, the results advocate a hybrid model of gustatory WM with a limited number of slots where items are stored with varying precision.

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Role of stimulus similarity in equivalence training.

Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0035786 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arthur Tomie ◽

Gregory A. Davitt ◽

David R. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Similarity

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On the Role of Symmetry in Visual Search

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00026.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 194-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Jeremy M. Wolfe ◽

Stacia R. Friedman-Hill

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Target Item ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Search Efficiency ◽

Stimulus Similarity ◽

Target Search ◽

Single Feature ◽

Background Texture ◽

Symmetry Relations

It is known that the efficiency of visual search for a target item among distractor items increases when distractors are similar to each other and decreases when target and distractors are similar. Here we show that symmetry relations between targets and distractors can alter search efficiency. When distractors form a background texture symmetrical about a vertical axis, search is easier than when they do not. In contrast, when some distractors are symmetrical with the target, search is more difficult than when they are not. These results suggest (1) that symmetry relations are processed in parallel and can help to distinguish a target from a distracting background and (2) that stimulus similarity can have several components even for a single feature (here, orientation).

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