2 Central Europe: Hungary (a) The Parliament building on the bank of the River Danube, Budapest 139 (b) Fashionable office and shopping area of Budapest, near the 139 Parliament building 6.3 Central Europe: basic means of transport in the Carpathians of 142 Romania, near Bicaz 6.4 Berlin: Checkpoint Charlie shortly after the removal of the Wall 145 between East Berlin and the United States zone of West Berlin 7.1 Clash of cultures in the former USSR (a) St Basil’s (Orthodox) Cathedral, Moscow, Russia 159 (b) Temple in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, formerly Soviet Central 159 Asia 7.2 Former USSR—the cold and the empty east (a) Icebreaker Arktika 160 (b) Baykal—Amur Magistral Railroad opens a new link across 160 southern Siberia 7.3 Former USSR and Japan (a) People waiting for taxis, Leningrad (now St Petersburg), 161 Russia (b) Taxis waiting for people by the Shinkansen train station in 161 the centre of Sendai, north Honshu, Japan 7.4 Former USSR: high technology (a) Space Pavilion, Moscow Exhibition Park 168

In 1971 the Jewish communities of East and West Berlin celebrated their three-hundredth anniversary. The anniversary year coincided with a juncture during which the two halves of the divided city sought greater proximity and thus was framed by noteworthy political and cultural events. East Berlin’s anniversary celebrations were intertwined with two commemorations. These publicly and very visibly perpetuated the image of Jews as victims of fascism. In parallel, East Berlin saw the premiere of the long-awaited local production of Fiddler on the Roof. On the other side of the Wall, the Jewish community had reached a comfortable and high plateau with regular cultural events in its community center. It offered an ever-expanding cultural program, with a broad variety of concerts and recitals. In clear contrast to East Berlin, the West Berlin community offered a rich array of anniversary events that displayed the community’s alliance with Israel, the United States, and West Germany.

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Which Institutions Are More Relevant Than Others in Inequality Mitigation?

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v45i4iipp.893-912 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 45 (4II) ◽

pp. 893-912

Author(s):

Dawood Mamoon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Central Europe ◽

Gini Coefficient ◽

The United States ◽

Gini Coefficients ◽

The Gini Coefficient ◽

Industrialised Countries ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Former Ussr

During the 1950s, 1960s and most of the 1970s inequality followed declining trends in the most developed and developing countries. However, the inequality trends have been reversed in most countries since the early 1980s. First, inequality started rising in the mid- to late- 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and the New Zealand, which were the first among the OECD countries to adopt a neoliberal policy approach. In United Kingdom the increase in inequality was quite pronounced as the Gini coefficient of the distribution of net disposable income rose more than 30 percent between 1978 and 1991, which was twice as fast as that recorded in United States for the same period. The Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands were next to follow where inequality followed a U-shaped pattern. From 1970 to 80, Finland and France also experienced a halt in declining trends in inequality. In Italy inequality rose by 4 points between 1992 and 1995. In 1993 the Gini coefficient for Japan stood at 0.44, which is approximately the same as United States and far higher than the likes of Sweden and Denmark. Most of this increase in income inequality in these industrialised countries is explained by a rise in earnings inequality [Cornia, et al. (2004)]. Since 1989, inequality in the transition countries of Central Europe has also witnessed increasing trends but they remain modest when compared to former USSR and Southeastern Europe where the Gini coefficients rose on average by 10-20 points which is 304 times faster than the Gini in Central Europe. The rise in inequality in this region has been attributed to rise in returns to education following liberalisation [Rutkowski (1999)].

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Efficiency development of Czech foreign trade in high-technology products and high-value agricultural products

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/5435-agricecon ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 476-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ševela

Keyword(s):

Foreign Trade ◽

Central Europe ◽

Transition Economies ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Value Added ◽

High Technology ◽

The United States ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

The European Union ◽

Technology Products

High efficiency of foreign trade is achieved in export of the commodities that are not only price competitive. The high-technology manufactures usually have the highest value added. The same is true for high-value agricultural products. The article concentrates on the comparison of exports of the Czech economy and other selected transition economies of Central Europe with economies of the European Union members, the United States and Japan using the coefficient of transformation output and the relative specialisation ratio on high-technology intensive commodities and high-value agricultural products. We can conclude that the efficiency gap of Czech economy and of the selected economies of Central Europe increased in the first half of the nineties. The trends of the second half of the nineties are quite different. The gap in efficiency of foreign trade is slowly decreasing and the analysed transition economies overcame the weakest economies of the EU members.

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Stowaways at Bohemia's Shores: Undocumented Emigration and People-Smuggling Networks in Interwar East Central Europe

Central European History ◽

10.1017/s0008938919000906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 564-583

Author(s):

Allison Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

The United States ◽

First World War ◽

World War ◽

East Central Europe ◽

East Central ◽

The People ◽

The First World War ◽

Migrant Smuggling ◽

First World

AbstractThis article investigates interwar people-smuggling networks, based in Germany and Czechoslovakia, that transported undocumented emigrants across borders from east-central Europe to northern Europe, where the travelers planned to sail to the United States. Many of the people involved in such networks in the Saxon-Bohemian borderlands had themselves been immigrants from Galicia. They had left a homeland decimated by the First World War and subsequent violence and entered societies with limited avenues to earn a living. The “othering” of these Galician immigrants became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as those on the margins of society then sought illegal ways to supplement their income. This article concludes that the poor economic conditions and threat of ongoing violence that spurred migrant clients to seek undocumented passage had driven their smugglers, who also faced social marginalization, to emigration and the business of migrant smuggling.

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