Buffer states

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Dimitris Christopoulos ◽  
Georgia Spyropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Buffer States

Asia's Pivotal Buffer States

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ziring
Keyword(s):  
Buffer States

New Buffer States: South Africa’s Regional Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Kent Hughes Butts ◽  
Paul R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Buffer States

scholarly journals Strategic Triangles and Balancing in World Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
D. A. Degterev ◽  
M. S. Ramich
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
World Order ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Buffer States

Trilateral diplomacy is a common format of interaction in international relations, which forms various configurations of the balance of power within the framework of triangles. The concept of a “triangle” is characterized by ambivalence, has a variety of characteristics and principles of formation.The article provides an overview of the theoretical discourse on strategic triangles, as well as of practical examples of trilateral diplomacy of the past and present day. The main characteristics of strategic triangles and the features of changes in their configuration are identified (the case of USA–PRC–USSR triangle). Classification of both symmetric and asymmetric triangles (unicenter and bicenter) are given, the concept of buffer states, as well as regional conflicts with the participation of a great power as a defender, are presented.The most influential countries at the global and regional levels, forming geopolitical triangles, are identified basing on the Composite Index of National Capability (CINC). The concept of pivot states is analyzed permitting to indicate relatively small but geopolitically important countries, forming triangles together with influential states.The main strategic triangles of the modern world order are analyzed, presenting mostly countries of Asia (China, Japan, India), Russian Federation, USA and EU. The main trends of global competition based on geopolitical triangles in the XXI-st century are identified.

Assyrians and Urartians

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Radner
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Two Kingdoms ◽  
Buffer States

This article traces the interactions between Assyria and Urartu, military and otherwise, and their impact on the neighboring Anatolian kingdoms, especially the chain of buffer states situated between Assyria's northern and Urartu's southern border. To the Assyrian mind, Urartu was on one hand an anti-Assyria, the archenemy and eternal temptation for its vassals, and on the other a mirror image, a kind of Assyria in the mountains; inscriptions and archival materials alike attribute Assyrian concepts to Biainili, for example, by superimposing the Assyrian administrative structure onto the other country, referring to provinces and governors and using various specifically Assyrian titles for Urartian officials. This tends to promote the idea that the two kingdoms were very much alike, but the fact that climatic conditions and the economic basis of Assyria and Urartu were very different should make it clear that this assumption is implausible. The various states situated in the border region between Assyria and Urartu, too, had their own distinct identities and traditions.

The Euro-Moat

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-218
Author(s):  
David Scott FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Buffer States

European governments acting alone and collectively through Frontex and NATO are intercepting asylum seekers and other migrants far from their shores. Patrolling the moat is tightly linked to buffering. In lieu of offshore processing, European governments collaborate with coastal states in North Africa, Albania, and Turkey to prevent departures and accept readmission of people intercepted at sea. The weakness of coastal states’ control capacity has then led European governments to drive further inland and build expanding rings of land buffers around the moat. The modest constraints on Europe’s moat strategy are the supranational judiciary and monitoring of conditions at sea and in coastal buffer states by NGOs, investigative journalists, and the UNHCR.

Role of Buffer States in International Relations

1941 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Barnes Gear
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Buffer States

scholarly journals Az Erdélyi Fejedelemség önállóságának földrajzi alapjai

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Miklós Mihály Nagy
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Buffer States

The end of the Turkish Empire's territorial expansion in Southern Europe was one of the determining phenomenons of territorial development in the continent in the 16th— 17th century. This geographical process had an attendant phenomenon as buffer states emerged in the borders of the Empire from which Transylvania was the key element. The sovereign Transylvania located out of the main theatre of the Habsburg-Turkish conflict constituted a closed politico-geographical and geopolitical unit in the Carpathian basin. The sovereignty and the important historical role of the Principality were determined by geographical factors. The study is about these factors and geographical powers of the Transylvanian basin with close connections to other military-geographical factors of Habsburg-Turkish conflict.

scholarly journals Features of gas composition and acid-base state of blood in newborns with intrauterine infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
K. I. Ismoilov ◽  
Sh. S. Muzaffarov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Hyperventilation Syndrome ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Buffer States ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Aim. To study the features of the gas composition and acid-base state in newborns with specific intrauterine infections.Material and methods. The examination was conducted based on the neonatal pathology unit of the SI NMCShifobakhsh.The degree of oxygenation of blood and skin was determined using daily pulse-oximetry. The partial pressure of gases and the study of the acid-base state (CBS) of blood was carried out using Convergys/liquid device.Result and discussion. The results of our study of blood gases and the acid-base indicator of blood in newborns with severe IUI showed noticeable hypoxemia, moderate hypercapnia, and a deficiency of buffer States, which indicate a violation of gas exchange function in the lungs with the development of compensatory respiratory-metabolic acidosis in children of this group. In patients with a very severe course of IUI, as the syndrome of respiratory disorders and the severity of hyperventilation syndrome increased, deeper changes in blood gas parameters and the acid-base state of the blood were noted. It indicates significant damage to the ventilation function of the lungs, diffuse perfusion processes, gas, and acid-base homeostasis.Conclusions. Impairment of the function of organs and systems that developed against the background of a severe or very severe course of IUI, depending on the degree of severity of deviations in blood gas parameters and acid-base balance, shows the need for adequate corrective therapy.

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