Moscow Psychological Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Cultural Renaissance ◽  
Autonomous Development ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

The Moscow Psychological Society, a learned society founded in 1885 at Moscow University, was the first and main centre of the remarkable philosophical achievements of the Russian Silver Age, as the cultural renaissance at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries has come to be known. By the end of its activity in 1922, the Psychological Society had attracted most of the country’s outstanding philosophers and had made the major contribution to the growth of Russian philosophy. In pursuit of its goal of the free, autonomous development of philosophy in Russia, the Society advanced a powerful neo-idealist critique of positivism, an outlook that was remarkably pervasive in Russia from the middle of the nineteenth century and that sought to eliminate speculative philosophy as ‘unscientific’. For leading philosophers in the Society, neo-idealism offered compelling theoretical support not only for the autonomy of philosophy against reductive positivism, but also for rule-of-law liberalism and constitutional reform. This philosophical defence of liberalism helps differentiate the Society from other currents in the Silver Age. The Society closed in 1922 with the forced exile of many of its members. Its intellectual legacy has attracted much attention in post-communist Russia.

Kozlov, Aleksei Aleksandrovich (1831–1901)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Educational Service ◽  
History And Criticism ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
Developmental Role ◽  
The University

One of the forerunners of the idealist revival in Russian philosophy at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, Aleksei Kozlov was the founder of Russian neo-Leibnizianism. In his system of ‘panpsychism’, which conceives all reality as psychic or conscious, he advanced a pluralistic idealism and metaphysical personalism that proved to be a considerable source of creativity in Russian philosophy. In his first and middle periods, the main influences on Kozlov were Schopenhauer, Eduard von Hartmann and Kant. He then turned, in the mid-1880s, to Leibnizian monadology and Leibniz’s nineteenth-century followers, Rudolf Hermann Lotze (1817–81) and especially Gustav Teichmüller (1832–88), professor at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu). Apart from the significance of his own philosophical conceptions, Kozlov had an important developmental role in Russian philosophy, being one of the earliest defenders of speculative philosophy against the prevailing positivism. His essays in philosophical history and criticism performed a valuable educational service, especially in view of the fact that philosophy had been banned from the university curriculum in Russia between 1850 and 1863 and was still trying to recover.

The Spanish Reception of Le Sacre du Printemps (1913–1936)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Idoia Murga Castro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
Rite Of Spring ◽  
Le Sacre Du Printemps ◽  
Cultural Expansion

Centenary celebrations are being held between 2016 and 2018 to mark the first consecutive tours of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Spain. This study analyses the Spanish reception of Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) (1913), one of its most avant-garde pieces. Although the original work was never performed in Spain as a complete ballet, its influence was felt deeply in the work of certain Spanish choreographers, composers, painters and intellectuals during the so-called Silver Age, the period of modernisation and cultural expansion which extended from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

The Anatomy of Justice: Forensic Medicine and Criminal Law In Nineteenth-century Egypt

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arabic Speaking

AbstractThe reform of the Egyptian criminal justice system in the nineteenth century traditionally has been viewed as forming an important step in the establishment of a liberal and just rule of law. By studying how forensic medicine was introduced into nineteenth-century Egypt, I argue that the need to exercise better control over the population and to monitor crime lay behind the reform process as much as liberal ideas borrowed from Europe did. Drawing on a wide range of archival material, both legal and medical, I analyze the role played by autopsy in the criminal system and argue that the practice of autopsy was viewed differentially by 'ulamā', by Arabic-speaking, French-educated doctors and by the mostly illiterate masses. And contrary to the common wisdom, I conclude that the "modernization" of the Egyptian legal system was intended not to displace the sharīa but to support it.

The Rule of Law Paradox in the 2016 Constitutional Amendments in Albania

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Darinka Piqani
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
The Rule Of Law

In 2016, the Albanian constitution underwent the most comprehensive constitutional reform since its adoption in 1998. One of the purposes of this reform was to transform the judicial system in Albania in order to detach it from corruption. One of the novelties of the reform was the vetting process of judges and prosecutors at all levels, including judges of the Albanian Constitutional Court. Following termination of mandates of some of the members to the Court, dismissals, and resignations in the context of the vetting process, Albania’s Constitutional Court did not function for more than a year. Although indisputably the constitutional reform and more specifically vetting were designed as a means of guaranteeing the rule of law, it seems that they were contributing factors to the stalemate within the Constitutional Court, thus ultimately undermining the rule of law. This chapter unfolds this paradox in Albania, an EU candidate country.

Laurie Salitan: Human Rights under Gorbachev

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

As everybody is well aware, human rights is an extremely broad topic, so what I would like to do is make a few basic points with some illustrations and then sum up with some ideas and discussion. Much of the grand scheme for reforming the Soviet system has touched on issues that fall under the rubric of human rights, broadly construed. Human rights discussions are no longer constrained by the traditional Soviet emphasis on social and economic rights and now encompass a variety of civil and political rights. As I see it, the fundamental issue with respect to human rights is the propping up of the rule of law. The concept of the rule of law has been elevated to previously unknown heights and is extolled as a fundamental underpinning of the entire process of democratization. It lends itself to the reduction of arbitrary actions (or at least it should), it encourages glasnost', and it enhances support for perestroika because it is intrinsic to any process of democratization. This reliance on the rule of law is absolutely essential as a component of any process that is linked to de-Stalinization. The abuses of the Stalin years are routinely excoriated, and the message being conveyed is that constitutionally guaranteed rights of citizens will be upheld, constitutional reform will proceed, and legislation will be enacted to protect a host of rights not addressed by the Constitution.

Two Forms of Democracy: A Response to Mendelsohn's “Public Brokerage: Constitutional Reform and the Accommodation of Mass Publics”

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592
Author(s):  
Janet Ajzenstat
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
The Many ◽  
Constitution Making

Underlying Matthew Mendelsohn's plea for popular participation in constitution making is a tradition of democratic thought that Jennifer Smith calls “anti–partyism.” This is not the place to describe types of anti–partyism, or trace its roots in Rousseau; I will say only that in Canadian history, and still today, anti–partyism is critical of parliamentary government. In the mid–nineteenth century its proponents argued for the rule of the demos, “the many”; they called their philosophy, “democracy.” They were not calling merely for an extension of the franchise; they criticized the very idea of representative and responsible institutions, contending that responsible parliamentary government empowered “the few” at the expense of “the many.” Today, most scholars regard parliamentary government as a form of democracy, and usually remember that “democracy” has more than one definition. In his article, Mendelsohn unfortunately uses “democracy” to describe only views inclining to anti–partyism.

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