Universal Application

The Race ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Eliyahu M. Goldratt ◽  
Robert E. Fox
1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ian Phillips

On-site stormwater detention is widely used in Australia as a means of controlling the increased storm discharges from urban consolidation projects. However, unless the maximum permissible site discharge is correctly determined, the local piped drainage system may be overloaded. This paper presents a generic methodology that integrates detention storage behaviour with drainage design theory in such a manner as to protect the entire length of the downstream drainage system. Its generic nature facilitates its universal application to all systems, protecting these valuable community assets throughout their service lives.


Author(s):  
Joseph Canning

Late medieval Roman and canon law jurisprudence provided the origins of European notions of a universal rule of law in two senses: a legal order of universal extent and a structure of higher norms of universal application. Whereas modern international law is primarily concerned with the horizontal relationship between states, medieval jurists mainly considered the vertical relationship between universal and territorial powers. They developed de iure–de facto arguments to justify a plurality of sovereign states within an overall universal legal structure. Contributions to the elaboration of theories of just war were also made. We must be cautious about claiming that late medieval jurists contributed to the development of early international law as normally understood. Nevertheless, early-modern theorists of international law referred back to the work of their medieval juristic predecessors. A new research question is emerging about the usefulness of using the term ‘international’ in interpreting medieval jurists.


2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-876
Author(s):  
Tahiru Azaaviele Liedong ◽  
Daniel Aghanya ◽  
Tazeeb Rajwani

Abstract There is a lack of research about the political strategies used by firms in emerging countries, mainly because the literature often assumes that Western-oriented corporate political activity (CPA) has universal application. Drawing on resource-dependency logics, we explore why and how firms orchestrate CPA in the institutionally challenging context of Nigeria. Our findings show that firms deploy four context-fitting but ethically suspect political strategies: affective, financial, pseudo-attribution and kinship strategies. We leverage this understanding to contribute to CPA in emerging countries by arguing that corporate political strategies are shaped by the reciprocity and duality of dependency relationships between firms and politicians, and also by advancing that these strategies reflect institutional weaknesses and unique industry-level opportunities. Importantly, we shed light on the muttered dark side of CPA. We develop a CPA framework and discuss the research, practical and policy implications of our findings.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle A. Jacquet ◽  
Jamil D. Bayram ◽  
William B. Ewen ◽  
Bhakti Hansoti ◽  
Steven Andescavage ◽  
...  

Background. There are currently 34 International Emergency Medicine (IEM) fellowship programs. Applicants and programs are increasing in number and diversity. Without a standardized application, applicants have a difficulty approaching programs in an informed and an organized method; a streamlined application system is necessary.Objectives. To measure fellows’ knowledge of their programs’ curricula prior to starting fellowship and to determine what percent of fellows and program directors would support a universal application system.Methods. A focus group of program directors, recent, and current fellows convened to determine the most important features of an IEM fellowship application process. A survey was administered electronically to a convenience sample of 78 participants from 34 programs. Respondents included fellowship directors, fellows, and recent graduates.Results. Most fellows (70%) did not know their program’s curriculum prior to starting fellowship. The majority of program directors and fellows support a uniform application service (81% and 67%, resp.) and deadline (85% for both). A minority of program directors (35%) and fellows (30%) support a formal match.Conclusions. Program directors and fellows support a uniform application service and deadline, but not a formalized match. Forums for disseminating IEM fellowship information and for administering a uniform application service and deadline are currently in development to improve the process.


2016 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Alfonso-Luis Calvo Caravaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Dalia Augustinaitė

The context of the concept of modern burial traditions is an inseparable from religion, which is a base to convey natural customs of the unique culture using numinous values. In the sense of allegory, burial character conveys immortality vision. Therefore there are many variations of interpretation in different cultures at a different time. A fundamental change of burial typology and architecture happens due to the changes of the life style. Scientific advance is the most fateful thing, which changes the attitude towards the functionality as well as to creativity in the burial sector. Due to the postmodernism, an exceptional, relatively separate form of the burial – virtual information bases of the dead, also actual as an alternative direction of the applied art to visual expression, have been formed on the basis of digital technologies. Essential objects of today‘s burial space topic are identified as a holistic optimisation of the consumerism, full-fledged integration of burial spaces in modern urbanistic structures and formation of multicultures. The solutions of this topic usually come through the multifunction of burial territories, burial nature and multifunction of architecture, as well as universal application, the priority of stable creation of the environment, including the search of the new typological alternatives of the burial. The components of burial space formation, significant to Lithuania, more or less match the global situation. Therefore, it is favourable for the state to take more objective account of the viable long-term juridical base and policy of burial space planning, the strategy of which would not lack of national features of heritage protection, however, using architecture as a means, would convey memorial persistent value and significance of the commemoration of the dead in a modern and creative way. Šiame straipsnyje atskleidžiami kone dažniausiai taikytini šiuolaikinių laidojimo alternatyvų tipai ir jų vystymosi perspektyvoje tendencijos, aktualios architektūros formavimo principams, įskaitant ir kūrybingumą bei ryšį su Religija. Ateities kapinių vizija analizuojama siejant su laidojimo pobūdžiu, racionaliomis mirties įprasminimo ir laidojimo zonų integravimo urbanistinėje erdvėje galimybėmis bei velionio įamžinimu. Nagrinėjamos sritys, reikšmingos holistinei globaliai laidojimo erdvių problematikai, yra reikšmingos Lietuvos Respublikos religiniam diskursui pagal galiojančius nacionalinius dokumentus religinės situacijos bei įstatyminės bazės apimtyje.


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