The political and economic relevance of Jewish loans for the dukes of Austria during the late Middle Ages

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Eveline Brugger
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Middle Ages

scholarly journals The concept “people” in the modern European political thought: Hobbes, Spinoza, Pufendorf

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
А. V. Marey
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Natural State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Civil State ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Active Subject

The author considers the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human ac­tions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection of one of the most powerful mystical and theo­logical abstractions of the late Middle Ages — the concept “people” as a kind of mystical body. Protestant science makes a clear choice in favour of interpreting the concept as an “arti­ficial person”. The author emphasizes that the introduction of the concept “natural state” led to changes in the ontological status of people in political theory. The concept “people” becomes “a flickering subject” that appears during the transition from a natural state to a civil one and disappears when the transition goes in the opposite direction. In a civil state, people become an active subject when they perform the function of the legislator. In other cases, people as a political subject transform into a certain multitude, consisting of separate individuals.

scholarly journals La disuguaglianza economica in area marchigiana: uno studio di lungo periodo (1400-1800)

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-63
Author(s):  
Francesco Ammannati
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Political ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of

The research aimed at bringing new data to the study of inequality in the distribution of wealth in the long run using the fiscal documentation available to many communities of the Marches region over a period covering the late Middle Ages and the full modern age. The political-administrative history of this territory, progressively incorporated into the Papal State, was reflected in an evolution of the methodologies for assessing wealth for tax purposes. Their characteristics have been carefully taken into account and criticized in order to ensure compatibility in time and space. Land registers, “estimi”, "libre", as well as books of “collette”, will be used to describe the fiscal capacity of taxpayers enrolled in these registers and to estimate the dynamics of economic inequality.

scholarly journals Signorie e relazioni interstatali. Pratiche, legittimazione e contestazione del potere locale lungo la frontiera alpina dello stato di Milano (XV secolo)

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Massimo Della Misericordia
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Minority ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Relationship

This essay analyzes the ways in which rural lordship was legitimized, maintained and sometimes contested in the late Middle Ages. The focus is not on the local societies and the political competition within the regional state, but rather on the position of seigneurial power in the interstices of international relations. Specifically, the dynamics of the frontier allowed the lords to enforce their power, but produced situations that put their authority in risk, providing opportunities for their subjects to contrast it. Political brokerage is the key to exploring the competition and the relationship between a variety of local actors and the state authorities. The source I selected is the Carteggio sforzesco, consisting of the written correspondence between these protagonists. From this viewpoint and thanks to records rich in narrative and descriptive contents, I will try to reconstruct economic tensions, military instability, the need for diplomatic agreements and for individual protection, that define the relationship between the Duchy of Milan, Valais, Switzerland and Grisons. Finally I will go into depth in the case-study of Val Formazza, where the domination of the lords family was in decline during the 15th Century, while local protagonists of this diversified local world – highlanders of lower social conditions settled in a peripheral valley forming an ethno-cultural minority of German speakers – were capable.

scholarly journals «Non lasciar vivere la malefica»

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Orientation ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Witch Hunts ◽  
The Devil

Yet another book on witches and witchcraft? Although numerous, studies on this phenomenon that had such a profound influence on the political, social and religious history of the late Middle Ages and the early modern age in Europe can never be enough. At this time the political regimes were actively involved in the witch hunts, not least the Catholic church which was intensely engaged in developing instruments of control aimed at governing and curbing dissent. The book is broken down into thematic sections – rules, treatises and trials, transmission /possession – which reflect the multiplicity of the scientific proposals that have emerged in recent years, and also represent a conscious preliminary orientation of possible readings. At centre stage of the witchcraft show are the witches and their judges, from the theologians and philosophers to the exorcists. As well as addressing actual events, the book also explores the nature of the beliefs and the way in which they were transmitted in the various social strata, and the phenomenon of diabolical possession which conveyed the message of the presence of the devil in the world.

scholarly journals Percorsi familiari e preminenza a Nola alla fine del Medioevo. Il caso degli Albertini di Cimitile

2021 ◽  
pp. 465-514
Author(s):  
Luigi Tufano
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Important Family ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Period

Through the parchments of the aristocratic archive, the essay reconstructs the events and paths of construction and consolidation of the political and social role of the Albertini of Cimitile, an important family of the Nolan élite, of legal professionals and with consolidated relations with the Orsini count dynasty, in the period between the late Middle Ages and the early modern period.

HISTORIC ROOTS OF EASTERN EUROPEAN BACKWARDNESS

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
Josette A. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
East And West

AbstractSelbst als Historiker erschrickt man ob der Einsicht, dass gewisse Voraussetzungen für das Auseinanderdriften der politischen Kulturen innerhalb Europas bis in die Spätantike zurückreichen und dass sich das sozialokonomische West-Ost-Gefalle von heute bereits im spaten Mittelalter abzeichnet (Goehrke, p. 741). <?CTRLerr type="1" mess="PBlanc posé à Verifier !" ?> (Even historians are surprised by the insight that certain conditions responsible for the gap between the political cultures of Europe reach back to the late Antique and that the contours of today's socio-economic declivity of East and West emerge in the late Middle Ages.)

scholarly journals La profesión de las élites castellanas en los monasterios y conventos durante la Baja Edad Media = The Profession of the Castilian Élites in Monasteries and Convents during the Late Middle Ages

2020 ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Prieto Sayagués
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Secular Clergy ◽  
Las Mujeres

Durante la Baja Edad Media, varios miembros de las élites de poder tomaron el hábito y profesaron en algún monasterio, aunque en número inferior a las mujeres. Se analizan sus motivaciones desde un punto de vista socioeconómico –viudedad, invalidez, bastardía, vasallaje a los patronos y reajustes patrimoniales– y político –contactos previos con la corte–. Se abordan las dinámicas en la profesión de los diferentes estamentos: los oficiales y miembros del entorno de la corte, la alta nobleza y las oligarquías urbanas. Algunos de ellos hicieron carrera eclesiástica dentro de la orden a la que pertenecían o en la clerecía secular, como obispos y arzobispos; esto último, unido a que los religiosos recibieron privilegios y donaciones de la familia real y de la nobleza, dio lugar, además de aumentar las diferencias sociales entre los profesos, al surgimiento de conflictos por las dotes y los bienes donados.AbstractDuring the late Middle Ages, many male members of the political elite took the habit and were professed at a monastery, though to a much lesser extent than women. Their motivations are examined from a socioeconomic perspective (widowhood, disability, bastardy, vassalage to patrons, and changes in wealth) and from a political point of view (previous contacts with the king’s court). We will address the dynamics in the profession of the different estates: the officers and members of the court, the higher nobility and the urban oligarchies. Some of these men attained the dignity of bishop and archbishop while being in a religious order, or as members of the secular clergy. This situation, together with the fact that certain members of the clergy received privileges and donations from the royal family and the nobility, led to an increase in social differences among the clergy, and to conflicts due to dowries and donations.

Sir Robert Malory, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England (1432–1439/40)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
P. J. C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Middle Ages

Whatever his personal failings and those of his Order, the prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, more than any other man in England in the late Middle Ages, stood for the political standards that were most respected, if not most often acted upon, by his fellow-countrymen. He was also one of die great magnates of the kingdom, given power, money, and access to the king by his rich priory based at Clerkenwell, the five preceptories his office entitled him to, and his places in the upper house of parliament and die royal council. What use the priors made of their office and how they lived up to the ideals they were supposed to embody were, therefore, matters of consequence at the time. The surviving records, though not abundant, seem sufficient to provide partial answers to these questions for at least some priors; but no such attempt has yet been published.

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