The infinitive and present participle

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Margaret Jubb ◽  
Annie Rouxeville
Keyword(s):  
Present Participle

‘SEEM’ PLUS PRESENT PARTICIPLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-b-350
Author(s):  
FRANCES AUSTIN
Keyword(s):  
Present Participle

scholarly journals Lak proverbs with the religious code of culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
The Given ◽  
Syntactical Analysis

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

scholarly journals Declension of the Latin present participle in connection with its syntactico-semantic use

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hendrik Christiaan Walvoort
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Rule ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
Paradigm Leveling

AbstractThis paper deals with the declension of the Latin present active participle (ppa), which shows several inconsistencies: the ablative singular for instance may end in -eor in -i(sapiente, sapienti) and the genitive plural may end in -umor -ium(sapientum, sapientium). Some grammarians, notably modern ones, assume that there are syntactico-semantic considerations or circumstances, leading to ablative -eending when verbal force is intended (such as in the ablative absolute) or substantival force, and to -iending when there is nominal, notably adjectival force. I have investigated whether ancient, medieval and modern grammarians treat such a phenomenon. In addition, I looked for inconsistencies in the grammarian’s own ppa declension from this syntactico-semantic point of view. It turns out that ancient and medieval grammarians do not formulate declension of the ppa according to its syntactico-semantic function, with the exception of the anonymous author of theArs Ambrosiana, nor do they decline their own ppa’s according to a conventional rule of this kind. This calls for other explanations regarding the declensional inconsistencies observed. Some of the ppa forms may reflect a temporary phenomenon which would have disappeared in due course through diachronic evolution and paradigm leveling. Some forms may have persisted because of their frequency and idiomatic force or because of the compelling analogy with other words and phrases. But these ppa declensional variations do not appear to conform to a syntactico-semantic rule.

The Present Participle--A Misnomer

1931 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Karl G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Present Participle

scholarly journals Synchronic variation and loss of case

Diachronica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Weerman ◽  
Mike Olson ◽  
Robert Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Dative Case ◽  
Present Participle

A bias towards formal texts obscures our view of language change and gives a misleading impression of actual developments if ‘changes from below’ are in conflict with ‘changes from above,’ resulting from norms that are visible in particular in formal language. A corpus of 17th-century Amsterdam texts with varying levels of formality is assembled to study the loss of genitive and dative case-marking in Dutch. These results are compared with the use of present participle constructions, which serve as an extra variable to gauge how formal a text is. We argue that nominal case-marking no longer existed in informal language in 17th-century Amsterdam and that the genitive became a feature of formal norms and was hence subject to pressures from above.

scholarly journals THE STRATEGIES APPLIED BY EFL LEARNERS TO OVERCOME MORPHO-SYNTACTIC DEVIATION IN SECTION 2 OF TOEFL TEST IN A PESANTREN-BASED UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Abdur Rofik
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
The Subject

The study aims at revealing the morphological and syntactical deviations patterned by EFL students, and their strategies to respond structure and written expression of TOEFL-Like Test. 70 students participated in this study. The students who were from study programs of English Literature, Technical Information, and Political Sciences of Universitas Sains Alqur’an were involved in this study. Their feedback were analyzed based on a qualitative approach. The findings exposed that 70 test-takers constructed 1.711 morpho-syntactic deviations. The most six morpho-syntactic problematic queries based on EFL students’ responses are epithet in parallel structure, subject-verb needs, object needs in noun phrase forms, quantifier-noun agreement, inversion of negative expression, connector subject pronoun in the adjective clause. Concerning strategies adopted by the students, they revealed that paying to the object of the preposition, focusing on past participles, making in mind that verbs of the sentence agree to the subject in cases of prepositional phrases, making in mind verbs agreement on an expression of quantity cases, and focusing on the present participle questions need to be put in. Furthermore, this study suggested that the EFL students are encouraged to take into consideration those six most morpho-syntactic deviations.

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