The family choice of a non-state kindergarten to build educational and cultural capital

The article analyzes the reasons behind the choice of non-state preschool education for children by the families of St. Petersburg. The subject area relevance is associated with the need to study family investments in the educational and cultural capital of the younger generation. The main research questions are the advantages of non-state kindergartens education, the influence of the received educational and cultural resources on the further educational path of a person, the relevance of digital methods for collecting sociological information. In the empirical part of the study, we studied the parents' statements on an Internet forum, where the motives behind choosing non-state kindergartens in St. Petersburg were discussed. In addition, an available sociological results analysis and statistical data were used, and expert judgments on the development of the private preschool education sphere in Russia were collected on the Internet. The author presents a parental arguments classification in favor of non-state kindergartens education, developed based on the materials analysis from an Internet forum. The content classification of the unstructured text array was conducted using domestic specialized computer programs. It was found that the main motive for the family choice of non-state preschool education in St. Petersburg is the parents' desire to provide their children with high-quality educational capital. Previously, the most significant reason for preschoolers to turn to private education was the need to place a child at the age of two months in a day nursery. Other advantages of studying in a non-state kindergarten are considered by parents to be an individual approach to children with special needs, care for the student's health, and high-level equipment in private preschool educational institutions. An important condition for choosing a commercial kindergarten is a sufficient family income. Parents see cultural capital as a supplement to the educational resource they receive at an early age, and they also associate education in a private kindergarten with the choice of specialized schools and the high academic performance of the child in primary grades. Research perspective — search and methodological understanding of sociology digital methods to study the long-term effects of the early education stage.

Lak proverbs with the religious code of culture

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

The term and nature of the success of modern metropolitan youth

The ways to achieve success are as diverse as human abilities and needs. Nevertheless, based on the previous theoretical and methodological analysis, we believe that among modern youth, generalized culturally, socially and personally determined models of success and failure are formed, which implement certain life programs in our society. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of two groups of young people who achieved and did not achieve success in life, representing a generational cohort that grew up and formed in a society and state that are radically different from the society and state of the Soviet type. In this regard, answers are given to the questions: what are the real success and failure in modern Russian society; what are their distinctive social and socio-psychological characteristics and role in society. The analysis showed that these groups implement two basic life programs in our society: survival and success, determined by status (education, position, income) and socio-psychological characteristics (methods of selecting and setting goals, the level of their implementation, the type of rationality, attitude to work). Doomed to survival, mismatch of human life with its meaning – lead to a decrease in the threshold of personal and social responsibility, a sense of inferiority, inferiority of one’s personality, low labor activity, forming a model of social maladaptation that hinders the healthy development of the economy and society. The people who represent it, in fact, are slaves not only to circumstances, but also to the logic of everyday life built by them. On the contrary, the life and business success of young Muscovites is based on their status achievements in education and work, as well as on personal characteristics and ways to achieve success: self-confidence, optimism, the ability to set simple and clear goals, and perseverance in their implementation. This is not only an effective model of active adaptation to market conditions based on conscious and responsible choice, but also the construction of social reality based on developed personal potential. Successful Muscovites remain people who are able to relate their own and other people’s interests, when a person perceives their being as alienated from the being of other people. This is a new socio-cultural type that implements an ethical and socially safe model of life success.

Social justice in inter-ethnic relations

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Effectiveness of management practices in the field of professional mobility of Russian youth

This article analyzes and evaluates management practices in the field of professional mobility of Russian youth from the point of view of the effectiveness of the subjects of management of the system of professional mobility of youth (state, family, education, mass media, expert and professional communities). The study revealed that management practices in the field of professional mobility of young people are characterized by low efficiency and are mainly focused on eliminating the risks of professional mobility. Marked fragmentation of subjects of management system of professional mobility of youth in the conditions of crisis the main element of the system «education – labour market» and the crisis of the institution of education. Risks from the point of view of their detection and prevention is based on reducing the impact of environmental and activity-related risks in the process of professional self-determination and formation of young people not included in management strategies and programs, and even management practices focused on development of innovative methods and channels of professional mobility of young people (all-Russian competitions, projects) that have a real positive effect, have the character of local, fragmentary, not able to radically change the situation in this key area of life-realization of youth. In the end it is stated that a new approach is needed to the management of professional mobility of the youth, based on risk management professional mobility taking into account their nature, derived from the influence of environmental factors (global Informatization, «mobile turn», the crisis of the system of professional socialization, labour market, etc.), and activity expressed in the individualization of the social behavior of youth and a pronounced orientation at a multiple of professionalization and inter-occupational mobility.

Symbols and semantics of the epithet in the Xingjiang Oirat version of the epic “Jangar”

The epic style is characterized by an abundance of constant epithets, which give the narration a peculiar decorating flavor and typifying-idealizing character, without which it is impossible to build an expressive artistic image. The specificity of the folklore-epic epithet lies in the operation of the fund of canonized and traditional definitions that fix the ideal and typical feature of an image or object. In this regard, one of the urgent problems is the symbolism and semantics of the epithet, embedded in the semantic structure of the word and revealed in the epic formulaic combinations of the epithet with the defined words. The methodological basis of the research is the methods and approaches in the study of epic poetics and stylistics, developed by A.N. Veselovsky and V.M. Zhirmunsky. The study examines the symbolic meanings of the epithets of the Xinjiang Oirat version of the epic «Jangar», which characterize the main objects and concepts of the epic world: space and time, heroes and antipodes, objects, things and attributes, in the context of ethnocultural and mytho-epic traditions. Epic eventual time (initial, distant, precious) correlates with the mythological time of the first creation, and the sacred image of the epic mountain (Sizo-White Mountain) is transmitted through the epithet (white), and is associated with the cult of mountains and ancestors. Ethnocultural symbolism of the epithet reflects traditional general Mongolian views. The concept of «rich nomadic» means countless herds of cattle and herds of horses grazing in the vast vast expanses, and the «snow-white headquarters-yurt» of the ruler symbolizes the well-being and happiness of the owner. The semantics of color epithets is specific in the epic «Jangar». So, white is sacral, yellow has solar origins, black is inherent in the enemy world and epic antipodes, red is the color of blood and confrontation, «the hero’s fighting frenzy», and is also a symbol of life and beauty. The symbolism of gold means the highest value and is associated with an epic ruler. The epic country of Bumba (North Bumbai country) appears as a Buddhist mythical Shambhala, localized in the north, also identified with the mainland Zambutib (Golden Zambutib). As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that understanding the deep level of the epic text of the Xinjiang Oirat tradition and understanding the epic picture of the world is based on comprehending the universally significant symbols of the ethnocultural tradition. The sacred symbolism of the epithet reflects ancient archaic-mythological ideas and pre-Buddhist beliefs. The semantics of the epithet also expresses Buddhist cosmological concepts. The principles and approaches, as well as the results, can be applied to solve research problems of a comparative typological plan.

Names of sacred ranks and ranks of saints in the Khakass language

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the names of sacred ranks and ranks of saints in the Khakass language on the material of the text of the New Testament and the publications of the newspaper «Сын сабланыстығ киртiнiс» («Orthodox Faith»). The topic of the article is relevant due to the insufficient degree of development of the problem of the scientific description of the religious (Orthodox) vocabulary of the Khakass language. The novelty of the work is determined by the fact that it is based on the Orthodox Khakass vocabulary, which has not previously become an object of scientific research. The research material was obtained by the continuous selection methodology from the above sources. The author briefly describes the history of Orthodox texts in the Khakass language, and then considers the names of sacred ranks and ranks of saints, analyzing the differences between them in the texts of the New Testament and in the diocesan newspaper in Khakass. The author has established that Khakass Orthodox terminology is in the process of formation. The evidence of it lies in such facts as the presence of synonyms denoting the concept of holiness and some sacred titles, the variability of the combined and separate writing of some hagiological statuses. The Khakass text of the New Testament notes the desire of translators to avoid Greek borrowings, transferring the names of sacred ranks by means of the Khakass language, while in modern Orthodox discourse, lexical units of Greek origin are usually preserved. The names of the ranks of saints are built in accordance with the productive word-formation models of the Khakass language and, according to the author, may eventually become an active part of its vocabulary. The author concludes that it is necessary to do further research of the religious vocabulary of the Khakass language and its consolidation in dictionaries.

Family and cultural resources that affect an applicant’s acceptance at university

In this article were discussed the influence of family and cultural resources on the applicant admission to a higher educational institution. The relevance of the topic is based on the need to study and improve human capital quality. The main research questions are the family and cultural resources structure, and a person’s family resource relationship with other assets, as well as the conditions for students’ academic achievement. The project is based on a modern resource approach and a theoretical human resources model, proposed by the Russian sociologist Natalia Aleksandrovna Yakovleva to study starting inequality in the student environment. At the empirical part of the study, a survey of St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television first-year students was performed. Additional project modules were secondary analysis of available sociological results and use of statistical data. The author presents an applicant’s family resources analysis based on such empirical referents as education and professional parents activities, family income, parental attitudes towards higher education for children, family value orientations. Students’ cultural resource was studied according to the activity of visited cultural events, participation in workshops, as well as a set of the most important life attitudes. It was found that the family economic resource, the parents’ education level, family motivation for providing children with higher education, and the creative profession of the father had the greatest impact on admission to the university. Applicants’ cultural capital increased the success of passing the creative test and interview. The main factors in the students’ academic performance are their educational capital, participation in cultural events, and the family cultural capital. The study prospect is to expand the empirical project base for a comparative analysis of the applicants’ and their families’ universities choice with different ratings.

Comparative analysis of the PR specialists functions theoretical model and the present cut of the modern companies’ practical expectations

The article examines the functional responsibilities and competencies of modern specialists who work in the advertising field, public communications, and marketing communications. Those specialists have to be ready for constant changes and the use of current technologies because the communication sphere is very mobile, also depends on the use of new technologies, and is associated with the development of the infosphere. And because of that, the employers’ requirements for candidates are constantly updated. To compare presented in the scholarly literature theoretical models and the modern employers’ requirements, the author studied the traditional specialists’ functions and competencies, which are described in scientific works, higher education programs, and state educational standards. Also, was made a cut of the employers’ practical expectations who post job openings on the Headhunter website, which is one of the most popular jobs search and recruiting services. Also were analyzed requirements for a large Russian and international companies stated in the openings posted in January–June 2020. Based on the analysis, the author concludes the ratio of traditional and new functions in the communicative field workers’ job, about the requirements for their knowledge and skills, which are divided into the categories of hard skills and soft skills. As a result, it was concluded that modern employers are in demand for specialists who can perform traditional functions that have proven their effectiveness, as well as use all relevant modern technologies in their job. The equally important right combination of hard skills and soft skills as the basis of the professional activity of a modern specialist.

Slang in forensic discourse (communicative and pragmatic aspect)

The relevance of the work is associated with the growing interest of researchers to the problem of medical discourse as a holistic communicative education. In this article, we focus on the problem of the functioning of Medical Slang in considering forensic discourse, which, in our opinion, has not yet received a systemic linguistic description. The author of the article presents the results of a communicative-pragmatic analysis of empirical material from fragments of forensic medical discourse. On the basis of theoretical communication and the study of actual linguistic material, some features of the functioning of slang nominations in this discourse were revealed: natural lexico-semantic processes were identified that organize intra-system variation within the thematic group “Slang of a forensic expert”: narrowing and expanding the meanings of slang nominations, activation of semantic transfers. Special attention was paid to the question of interpretation of the most successful nomination for characterizing the described phenomenon. In linguistic research, there is controversy as to which term is the most accurate: «medical jargon», «slang», «professional vernacular», «non-standard vocabulary», etc. In our work we use the term «slang», it seems to us that this term most accurately reflects the content of the studied subject. The reasons for the occurrence of slang words in forensic discourse are analyzed: autonomy of professional communication; saving speech efforts in the process of communication; the psycholinguistic nature of the use of slang nominations. The revealed and interpreted communicative-pragmatic features of forensic discourse allow us to draw the following conclusions: the boundaries of the terminological and non-terminological zones in the space of discourse are mobile; activation of lexical and semantic processes, as a result of which new slang words appear or a rearrangement of the semantic content of existing units occurs. These features allow us to talk about the open nature of the forensic discourse as a cognitive structure.