Cultural Platforms during the Transitions to Democracy in the Southern Cone

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-278
Author(s):  
Sofía Mercader ◽  
Lucas Domínguez Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Southern Cone ◽  
Transitions To Democracy

Unlikely Transitions to Uncertain Regimes? Democracy without Compromise in the Dominican Republic and Ecuador

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Conaghan ◽  
Rosario Espinal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Developmental Sequences ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Different Levels

Charting the historical paths to democracy has been a long-standing concern of political sociology.1 With the demise of authoritarian rule in Latin America over the last decade, a classic question of the genre has resurfaced: are there certain developmental sequences that are more likely to produce successful transitions to democracy? If there is any conclusion to be drawn from recent experiences, the answer is no. Highly heterogeneous circumstances have produced Latin America's most recent wave of democratisation. From the Caribbean to the Southern Cone, countries at different levels of economic development, with distinctive authoritarian legacies and divergent class structures, all underwent transitions to elected civilian governments in the last decade.

Modernization: Theories and Facts

1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Przeworski ◽  
Fernando Limongi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
Using Data

What makes political regimes rise, endure, and fall? The main question is whether the observed close relation between levels of economic development and the incidence of democratic regimes is due to democracies being more likely to emerge or only more likely to survive in the more developed countries. We answer this question using data concerning 135 countries that existed at any time between 1950 and 1990. We find that the level of economic development does not affect the probability of transitions to democracy but that affluence does make democratic regimes more stable. The relation between affluence and democratic stability is monotonic, and the breakdown of democracies at middle levels of development is a phenomenon peculiar to the Southern Cone of Latin America. These patterns also appear to have been true of the earlier period, but dictatorships are more likely to survive in wealthy countries that became independent only after 1950. We conclude that modernization need not generate democracy but democracies survive in countries that are modern.

Dictators and Democrats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Haggard ◽  
Robert R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Multiple Routes

From the 1980s through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the spread of democracy across the developing and postcommunist worlds transformed the global political landscape. What drove these changes and what determined whether the emerging democracies would stabilize or revert to authoritarian rule? This book takes a comprehensive look at the transitions to and from democracy in recent decades. Deploying both statistical and qualitative analysis, the book engages with theories of democratic change and advocates approaches that emphasize political and institutional factors. While inequality has been a prominent explanation for democratic transitions, the book argues that its role has been limited, and elites as well as masses can drive regime change. Examining seventy-eight cases of democratic transition and twenty-five cases of reversion to autocracy since 1980, the book shows how differences in authoritarian regimes and organizational capabilities shape popular protest and elite initiatives in transitions to democracy, and how institutional weaknesses cause some democracies to fail. The determinants of democracy lie in the strength of existing institutions and the public's capacity to engage in collective action. There are multiple routes to democracy, but those growing out of mass mobilization may provide more checks on incumbents than those emerging from intra-elite bargains. Moving beyond well-known beliefs regarding regime changes, this book explores the conditions under which transitions to democracy are likely to arise.

Trojan hosts: the menace of invasive vertebrates as vectors of pathogens in the Southern Cone of South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano F. La Sala ◽  
Julián M. Burgos ◽  
Alberto L. Scorolli ◽  
Kimberly VanderWaal ◽  
Sergio M. Zalba
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Cone

The Argentine Allusion: On the Significance of the Southern Cone in Early Twentieth-Century São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
James P. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Home State ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis article examines a much cited but little understood aspect of the Latin American intellectual and cultural ferment of the 1910s and 1920s: the frequency with which intellectuals from the southeastern Brazilian state of São Paulo referred to developments in post Sáenz Peña Argentina, and to a lesser extent in Uruguay and Chile. In books, pamphlets, speeches, and the pages of a vibrant periodical press—all key sources for this article—São Paulo intellectuals extolled developments in the Southern Cone, holding them out for imitation, especially in their home state. News of such developments reached São Paulo through varied sources, including the writings of foreign travelers, which reached intellectuals and their publics through different means. Turning from circuits and sources to motives and meanings, the Argentine allusion conveyed aspects of how these intellectuals were thinking about their own society. The sense that São Paulo, in particular, might be “ready” for reform tending toward democratization, as had taken place in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, was accompanied by a belief in the difference of their southeastern state from other Brazilian states and its affinities with climactically temperate and racially “white” Spanish America. While these imagined affinities were soon forgotten, that sense of difference—among other legacies of this crucial period—would remain.

scholarly journals Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Non-Infected Cardiometabolic Patients from the Americas during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Sub-Analysis of the CorCOVID-LATAM Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Álvaro Sosa Liprandi ◽  
Ezequiel José Zaidel ◽  
Ricardo Lopez Santi ◽  
John Jairo Araujo ◽  
Manuel Alfonso Baños González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Immunization Rate ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Influenza vaccination (IV) and Pneumococcus vaccination (PV) are recommended for patients with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the immunization rate of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas. Methods: Electronic surveys were collected from 13 Spanish speaking countries between 15 June and 15 July 2020. Results: 4216 patients were analyzed. Mean age 60 (±15) years and 49% females. Global IV rate was 46.5% and PV 24.6%. Vaccinated patients were older (IV = 63 vs. 58 years; PV = 68 vs. 59, p < 0.01) but without gender difference. Vaccination rates were greater in higher-risk groups (65+, diabetics, heart failure), but not in coronary artery disease patients. In the Southern cone, the rate of IV and PV was approximately double that in the tropical regions of the Americas. In a multivariate model, geographic zone (IV = OR 2.02, PV = OR 2.42, p < 0.001), age (IV = OR 1.023, PV = OR 1.035, p < 0.001), and incomes (IV = OR 1.28, PV = OR 1.58, p < 0.001) were predictors for vaccination. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic diseases from the Americas with no evidence of COVID-19 infection had lower-than-expected rates of IV and PV. Geographic, social, and cultural differences were found, and they should be explored in depth.

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