The Effects of Representation of an Habituation Stimulus Coincident With a Period of High Arousal on Long-Term Habituation of the Electrodermal Orienting Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
David Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Orienting Response ◽  
High Arousal

Short- and Long-Term Memory as a Function of Individual Differences in Arousal

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Retention

In a paired-associate learning experiment employing 40 university students as Ss, the contribution of individual differences in arousal to short-and long-term retention was investigated using individual differences in salivary response to lemon juice stimulation as an index of arousal. Experimental Ss were pre-selected from 99 Ss on the basis of extreme arousal scores. The hypotheses were confirmed; low-arousal recall is greater than high-arousal recall on a test of short-term retention ( p < .08) and high-arousal recall is greater than low-arousal recall on a test of long-term retention ( p < .04).

What Kind of Habituation is Impaired in Migraine Patients?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Siniatchkin ◽  
P Kropp ◽  
W-D Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Gating ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis ◽  
Short And Long Term

The acoustically evoked cortical potentials of 20 migraine patients were investigated using a combined conditioning-testing and oddball paradigm. The short and long-term habituation results of the P50 and P300 waves were compared with 16 healthy subjects. Migraineurs were characterized by a sensory gating deficit of the P50 wave (reduced short-term habituation) in the non-target condition and a reduced long-term habituation of the P300 wave in the target condition. The study describes disturbances of information processing on the automatic and cognitive levels in migraine patients and emphasizes the role of sensory gating and orienting response in migraine pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Welfare of Long-Term Shelter Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Raudies ◽  
Susanne Waiblinger ◽  
Christine Arhant
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Personality Questionnaires

To identify characteristics that distinguish long-term (LT: stay > 1 year) from short-term shelter dogs (ST: ≤5 months) and to investigate if a long-term stay impairs welfare, we compared ST and LT dogs in Austrian no-kill shelters. Analyses including characteristics such as breed, sex, or age (shelter records), problem behaviour, and personality (questionnaires completed by staff) showed that LT dogs were significantly more often a “dangerous breed”, male, and older when admitted to the shelter. They were rated higher on “aggression” and “high arousal” and lower on the personality dimension “amicability”. A welfare assessment protocol including reaction toward humans (Shelter Quality Protocol), and in-kennel observations were used to assess the effect of the long-term stay. LT dogs tended to show more signs of aggression toward an unfamiliar human, but welfare assessment revealed no difference. During resting periods, LT dogs spent more time resting head up and had more bouts resting head down. Prior to feeding, they stood, vocalised, and yawned more. LT dogs are characterised by specific features such as being aroused easily and having difficulties to relax. Whether this is a result of the long-term stay or personality-associated, consequently causing lower adoption rates, remains to be determined.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

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