Jook House

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Templeton
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
American Institution ◽  
Working Classes

The jook house (also juke joint), an African American institution found mainly in semiurban areas in the Southern United States, is an important cultural phenomenon that emerged in the decades after emancipation (1862). While the conditions of slavery in the South made it difficult and often illegal for black men and women to gather without white intervention, during the period of reconstruction, jook houses became a place for newly freed men and women (usually from the lower and working classes) to drink, gamble, listen to music, and dance. While the precise etymology of "jook" is unclear, some scholars suggest the term comes from the Bambara word "dzugu," which means "wicked" or from the Bamana-Kam word "dugu", which means "bad." The jook house as "bad" or "wicked" articulates its covert and subversive qualities, as well as its ability to transgress white codes of conduct and social life. These jook houses gave birth to the musical style of the blues, saw an increased blending of regional African American dance practices, and nurtured an emerging modern black identity.

Love, sexuality, and (non)marriage

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Men ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
American Families

Slavery, segregation, and economic disadvantage have historically undermined the functionality and resilience of African-American families, and the post-industrial turn in the economy exasperated those difficulties. This chapter looks at the health consequences of the ‘love and trouble’ tradition between black men and women, especially in terms of non-marriage, loneliness, sexuality, sexual diseases, and unwanted pregnancies.

“Latter-Day Slavery”

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Susan D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
White Led ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Suffrage

My research highlights little-known aspects of African American participation in the mobilization on behalf of women’s suffrage in California, an issue of vital importance to African Americans. The history of suffrage in the United States is marked by varying degrees of denial of voting rights to African Americans. In California, African Americans were pivotal participants in three major suffrage campaigns. Based on black women’s support for the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted black men the right to vote, black men and women formed a critical political alliance, one in which black men almost universally supported black women’s suffrage. Black women began and continued their activism on behalf of male and female voting rights, not as an extension of white-led suffrage campaigns, but as an expression of African American political culture. African Americans—including black women suffragists—developed their own political culture, in part, to associate with those of similar culture and life experiences, but also because white-led suffrage organizations excluded black members. Black politics in California reflected African Americans’ confidence in black women as political actors and their faith in their own independent efforts to secure the franchise for both black men and women.

scholarly journals QUESTÃO SOCIAL E RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NO BRASIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Alves Durans
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Racial Democracy ◽  
High Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

O texto aborda a particularidade da questão social no Brasil como fruto das relações capitalistas aqui construídas através da exploração e opressão das classes trabalhadoras. Busca a gênese das desigualdades e pauperismo no Brasil, marcado por quase quatro séculos de escravismo. Analisa os pilares de sustentação do escravismo: o trabalho escravo,a monocultura e o latifúndio, que geraram a riqueza, destacando que, após a abolição e da proclamação da república, com a necessidade construção de uma ideia de nação desenvolvida, era necessário eliminar o elemento negro, através da ideologia do branqueamento e do mito da democracia racial, que mascararam/mascaram a real condição a que forampostos negros e negras neste país.Palavras-chave: Questão Social, racismo, trabalho, classes, escravidãoSocial issue and the ethnic-racials relations in BrazilAbstract: The text deals with the particularity of the social issue in Brazil as a result of capitalist relations built here through exploitation and oppression of the working classes. It seeks the genesis of inequalities and pauperism in Brazil, marked by nearly four centuries of slavery. Analyzes the supporting pillars of slavery: slave labor, the monoculture and thelandlordism, which generated high profit rates, highlighting that, after the abolition and the proclamation of the republic, with the need of construction of an idea of developed nation, it was necessary to eliminate the black element, through the whitening ideology and the myth of racial democracy, which masked / masks the real condition that were put black men and women in this country.Keywords: Social Issue, racism, work, classes, slavery.

upon disciplinary committees investigating both black and white members, occasional black men were recognized as preachers, and white church mem-bers, including masters, were sometimes called to account for sinful dealings with their enslaved or free black men and women. Moreover, in their accep-tance and even encouragement of black preachers evangelical churches were implicitly (if not explicitly) encouraging the formation of smaller prayer and study groups among, and sometimes led by, African-Americans. By the nine-teenth century these separate networks and communions led by community members would serve as a source of personal strength and spiritual and political power for African-American Christians. Within this climate of increasing lay authority women arose as active par-ticipants in New Light communities. They formed their own private groups where they found extraordinary spiritual counsel and nurture. The poet Phillis Wheatley maintained a correspondence with her friend Arbour Tanner, confiding her religious hopes, worries and pleasures, while Esther Edwards Burr and Sarah Prince kept up a three-year correspondence through which they admonished and encouraged one another. Sarah Osborn found a true spiritual companion in Susana Anthony, while Deborah Prince joined a female society ‘for the most indearing Exercise of social Piety’. In Philadelphia it was reported that after Whitefield had first preached there ‘four or five godly women in the city, were the principal counsellors to whom awakened and inquiring sinners used to resort, or could resort, for advice and direction’.

2003 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Teenth Century ◽  
Phillis Wheatley ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
The City

Reconstituted Melancholy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jermaine Singleton
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
American Subject ◽  
African American Subject ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Immigration

This chapter takes a closer look at the underpinnings of the cultural melancholy that claims post-Emancipation African American subject-formations and cultures. It does so by putting psychoanalytic theorizations of Sigmund Freud's concept of melancholia and Jacques Derrida's poststructuralist reading of Karl Marx's work on specters in conversation with August Wilson's Piano Lesson. Wilson's play traces racial melancholy sustained and reconstituted as a result of, and in resistance to, an enduring struggle with racial oppression as American nationhood nestled firmly into the industrial era and normative homogenization and consensus steadily rose against the backdrop of staggering European immigration statistics. The chapter shows how the play stages parallel trajectories of psychological restriction sustained by post-Emancipation black men and women through ritual practice as they struggle for inclusion in a segregationist society that has historically subjugated them. It extends theories of race and ethnicity by positing a reading of the racialized subject that shows how she/he is at once constituted through and distinct from the racial collective and its history of racialization.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Khary Oronde Polk
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Military Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black Soldiers ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

The epilogue considers the military writings of William Gardner Smith, and the literary reception of his 1948 novel, Last of the Conquerors. Smith worked as a reporter for the Pittsburgh Courier before he received his draft notice to serve as an occupation soldier in Berlin. While deployed, he continued to write for the Courier as a special correspondent, detailing the injustices faced by Black soldiers abroad under his pen name, Bill Smith. His witness as subject and scribe of the overseas military apparatus offered a counter history to America’s official military record of occupation, and laid the foundation for what would become the familiar narrative told about black soldiering in the postwar era: that military service in the occupied nation was like a “breath of freedom” for African American troops. These contagious narratives of black military freedom and control influenced successive generations of African Americans to join the service, and produced a possibility that had not been possible until the end of World War II: that black men and women might look toward the military service as a career.

Slavery, Fatherhood, and Paternal Duty in African American Communities over the Long Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libra R. Hilde
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
White Fathers ◽  
African American Communities ◽  
Enslaved African Americans

Analyzing published and archival oral histories of formerly enslaved African Americans, Libra R. Hilde explores the meanings of manhood and fatherhood during and after the era of slavery, demonstrating that black men and women articulated a surprisingly broad and consistent vision of paternal duty across more than a century. Complicating the tendency among historians to conflate masculinity within slavery with heroic resistance, Hilde emphasizes that, while some enslaved men openly rebelled, many chose subtle forms of resistance in the context of family and local community. She explains how a significant number of enslaved men served as caretakers to their children and shaped their lives and identities. From the standpoint of enslavers, this was particularly threatening--a man who fed his children built up the master’s property, but a man who fed them notions of autonomy put cracks in the edifice of slavery. Fatherhood highlighted the agonizing contradictions of the condition of enslavement, and to be an involved father was to face intractable dilemmas, yet many men tried. By telling the story of the often quietly heroic efforts that enslaved men undertook to be fathers, Hilde reveals how formerly enslaved African Americans evaluated their fathers (including white fathers) and envisioned an honorable manhood.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Coping with Racism: African American Experience and Empowerment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Jacob ◽  
Monnica T. Williams ◽  
Naomi S. Faber ◽  
Sonya Faber
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Current State ◽  
American Society

Black men and women encounter multiple forms of racism in American society and require numerous strategies to manage the stress associated with these experiences. This chapter reviews the current state of the literature regarding Black people and how they cope with racism. Findings demonstrate that Black people tend to cope with racism through social support, religion, avoidance, and problem-focused coping, with some gender differences in coping approaches. We also contrast functional versus dysfunctional coping approaches and underscore the importance of empowerment to promote well-being and social change. Limitations of this review include the predominance of American-based samples used in the literature, which often excludes other Black ethnic and national groups. Further, the experiences of other Black intersectional identities are not well represented in the literature and require more study as their experiences of coping with racism may differ.

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