Special Needs, Inclusion and Social Exclusion

Author(s):  
Ilze Skabe

People with disabilities in any society are at risk of social exclusion and discrimination. Nowadays, in recent decades, the treatment of people with disabilities has shifted towards giving people with special needs the opportunity to manage their own lives. The emphasis is on building a society that incorporates and is capable of meeting the needs of all people, including people with disabilities. Career development is a continuous process in which an individual uses information about himself, collects it and uses it to master the vast of professions and apply it to himself. This report discusses people with disabilities and their opportunities to integrate into the Latvian labor market.


Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Bissoto

Tem como objetivo discutir a (não) aprendizagem de conceitos acadêmicos e de condutas e hábitos socialmente validados como parâmetro de (a)normalidade e, assim, de exclusão social. A argumentação base é a de que as definições de (a)normalidade, principalmente as que categorizam a deficiência mental, se atêm, primeiramente, a determinadas concepções do que é a mente, do que significa aprender e de quem é o sujeito cognoscente, antes que a atributos portados pelo "anormal" em si. Metodologicamente, a questão da constituição da (a)normalidade da aprendizagem é analisada sob três modelos de cognição: o cognitivismo, o conexionismo e o dinamicismo. Pelos resultados se levanta a reflexão de que, concebendo-se a cognição por referenciais teóricos ligados ao dinamicismo, as delimitações de anormalidade mental, ora existentes, se fragilizam. Como conclusão, longe de negar a existência da deficiência, se assevera que é possível conceber o deficiente como um ser não afastado da ordem, abrindo caminhos para pensar práticas socioeducacionais que lhe permitam constituir-se, de fato, como sujeito. Palavras-chave: aprendizagem; cognição; deficiência; sujeito cognoscente. Abstract The aim of this article is to debate the (non) learning of academic concepts, behaviors and habits socially validated as parameter of (ab)normality, and thus, of social exclusion. The basic claim is that the current definitions of (ab)normality, mainly the ones that categorize the mental deficiency, if abides firstly to definitive conceptions about "what is the mind", "what does it mean to learn" and "who is the cognoscenti being"; before that the attributes carried for the "abnormal person" himself. Methodologically speaking the question of the learning ab(normality) constitution is analyzed in three cognitive models: the cognitivism, the conexionism and the dynamicism. From the results, one reflects the following: when conceiving cognition on dynamicism, the existing theoretical bias of mental abnormality is powerless. Far from the denying the existence of the deficiency as conclusion, one claims that it is possible to conceive the person with special needs not as a being drawn away from the order, opening ways to think socio-educational practices that allows him to be, in fact, a being. Keywords: learning; cognition; deficiency; cognoscente being.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Gill ◽  
Sneha Bharadwaj ◽  
Nancy Quick ◽  
Sarah Wainscott ◽  
Paula Chance

A speech-language pathology master's program that grew out of a partnership between the University of Zambia and a U.S.-based charitable organization, Connective Link Among Special needs Programs (CLASP) International, has just been completed in Zambia. The review of this program is outlined according to the suggested principles for community-based partnerships, a framework which may help evaluate cultural relevance and sustainability in long-term volunteer efforts (Israel, Schulz, Parker, & Becker, 1998).


2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonori ◽  
Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Carmelo Vázquez ◽  
José J. Vázquez ◽  
Mary Fe Bravo ◽  
...  

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.


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