Selection of Public-Goods Production

2016 ◽  
pp. 18-35
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Wenshu Xu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Fengyuan Yu ◽  
Jialu He

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Barr ◽  
Marleen Dekker ◽  
Wendy Janssens ◽  
Bereket Kebede ◽  
Berber Kramer

Using a carefully designed series of public goods games, we compare, across monogamous and polygynous households, the willingness of husbands and wives to cooperate to maximize household gains. Compared to monogamous husbands and wives, polygynous husbands and wives are less cooperative, one with another, and co-wives are least cooperative, one with another. The husbands’ and wives’ behavior in a corresponding series of inter-household games indicates that these differences cannot be attributed to selection of less cooperative people into polygyny. Finally, behavior in polygynous households is more reciprocal and less apparently altruistic. (JEL C93, D13, J12, O12)


2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo García-Contreras ◽  
Daniel Loarca ◽  
Caleb Pérez-González ◽  
J Guillermo Jiménez-Cortés ◽  
Abigail Gonzalez-Valdez ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main models to study social behaviors in bacteria since it synthesizes several exoproducts, including exoproteases and siderophores and release them to the environment. Exoproteases and siderophores are public goods that can be utilized by the individuals that produce them but also by non-producers, that are considered social cheaters. Molecularly exoprotease cheaters are mutants in regulatory genes such as lasR, and are commonly isolated from chronic infections and selected in the laboratory upon serial cultivation in media with protein as a sole carbon source. Despite that the production of exoproteases is exploitable, cooperators have also ways to restrict the growth and selection of social cheaters, for instance by producing toxic metabolites like pyocyanin. In this work, using bacterial competitions, serial cultivation and growth assays, we demonstrated that rhamnolipids which production is regulated by quorum sensing, selectively affect the growth of lasR mutants and are able to restrict social cheating, hence contributing to the maintenance of cooperation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations.


2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 50006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkui Liu ◽  
Xiaojie Chen ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fei Tao ◽  
Long Wang

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Dimitriu ◽  
Dusan Misevic ◽  
Julien Benard Capelle ◽  
Ariel B Lindner ◽  
Sam P Brown ◽  
...  

AbstractIn bacteria, cooperative genes encoding public good molecules are preferentially located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and horizontal transfer of MGEs favours the maintenance of public good cooperation. The rate of horizontal transfer itself can evolve in response to selective pressures acting on both MGEs and bacterial hosts: benefits and costs of infectious spread, but also indirect effects of MGE genes to the host. We show here that carriage of public good genes on MGEs can generate another indirect selection for MGE transfer. Transfer increases public good production and, when relatedness is sufficiently high, public goods benefit preferentially genotypes with high transfer ability. Both our simulations and experiments indicate that transfer is not required to occur among kin, provided that public goods still benefit kin. Public good gene mobility thus aligns the interests of chromosomes and MGEs concerning transfer, promoting gene exchange among bacteria.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.


Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.


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