Optimization of dextran production from Leuconostoc strains isolated from different dairy products from Ouargla region Algeria

Leuconostoc (Ln) sp. belongs to a group of lactic acid bacteria, which has the capacity to produce dextran (an exopolysaccharides) in the presence of su-crose. dextran is industrially important, it was the first microbial exopolysac-charide affirmed for commercial use. This study aimed to optimize the pro-duction of the synthesized dextran by Ln strains species isolated from differ-ent dairy products. Morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics were employed to identify 23 isolated strains. We have identi-fied the species: Ln. gelidum, Ln. carnosum, Ln. citreum, Ln. fallax, Ln. mesen-teroides subsp mesenteroides, Ln. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum, Ln. mesenteroides subsp cremoris. 20 strains had the capacity to produce dex-tran from sucrose. The precipitation and quantification of EPS on MRSs (Mark rogosa et sharpe sucrose) medium revealed a difference between the strains, by the total sugars assay method, the amount of EPS varied between 0.63 ± 0.19 and 2.41 ± 0.17 g / L of strains LnF70 and LnC1 (isolated from goat's milk), respectively. The dextran production from MRSs medium was better than from liquid MSE. The optimization of production on MRSs medi-um with different concentration of glucose, yeast extract and sucrose showed that the strains had good production with a concentration of 2% glucose, 0.3% yeast extract and 10% sucrose.

Analisis Penerapan Manajemen Persediaan Bahan Baku Arm Rear Brake Kyea dengan Metode EOQ

Inventory management is an essential aspect of supporting good production planning in company business activities. The implementation of inventory management in the company is a primary need. If there is a problem in the supply of raw materials, all the company's operational activities will be disrupted. Inventories in manufacturing usually consist of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods or final products. Inventories of arm rear brake materials for the production process often experience shortages due to immature controls. This study aims to determine the inventory control of rear arm brake raw materials using the Economy Order Quantity (EOQ) method at PT. Ciptaunggul Karya Abadi. Based on the discussion results, it was found that ordering raw materials was carried out two times a year with a total order of 621 pieces with 86 pieces of safety stock and will be ordered again when raw materials collected 21 pieces. Total Inventory Cost (TIC), which was initially Rp110.264.235,00, can be saved to Rp70.598.399,00 so that the total savings that occur are Rp39.674.899,00 which is equal to 33.26%.

Preparation and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of Luteolin Loaded Gastroretentive Microsponge for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infections

The current study aimed to develop a luteolin gastric floating microsponge for targeting Helicobacter pylori. The microsponge formulations were prepared by a quasi-emulsion method, and then evaluated for various physicochemical variables. The best microsponge was further assessed for drug-polymer interactions, surface morphology, in vivo floating, and in vitro anti H. pylori activity. The formulation which exhibited comparatively good production yield (64.45% ± 0.83), high entrapment efficiency (67.33% ± 3.79), prolonged in vitro floating time (>8 h), and sustained in-vitro drug release was selected as the best microsponge. The SEM study revealed that the best microsponge was spherical in shape and has a porous surface with interconnecting channels. DSC and XRD studies demonstrated the dispersion of luteolin in the polymeric matrix of the microsponge. Ultrasonography confirmed that the best microsponge could in the rat stomach for 4 h. The in vitro MIC results indicate that the anti H. pylori activity of the best microsponge was almost doubled and more sustained compared to pure luteolin. To conclude, it can be said that the developed luteolin gastric floating microsponge could be a better option to effectively eradicate H. pylori infections and the histopathological and pharmacodynamic assessments of our best microsponge can be expected to provide a rewarding outcome.

A Peptide-Based Assay Discriminates Individual Antibody Response to the COVID-19 Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA Vaccine

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine developed by Pfizer/BioNTech has been shown to be capable of developing an excellent antibody response against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, with good production of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we analyzed differences in the antibody response elicited by inoculation of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine through a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that utilizes synthetic peptides derived from the spike protein in the immuno-adsorbent phase. Immunoreactivity against synthetic peptides was measured at different time points from vaccination and was also correlated with the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity. Our results indicate that all vaccinated subjects except one show reactive antibodies to at least one peptide at both 30 and 60 days after injection of the first dose. Only one of the 19 analyzed subjects showed no antibody response toward any of the selected peptides, consistently with a lower neutralizing capacity. More importantly, our data showed that the antibody response elicited by inoculation of the two doses of the Pfizer vaccine appears to be qualitatively individual, both in the type of recognized peptides and in the temporal persistence of the antibody response. Together with previous published data, our findings suggest that for effective pandemic control, it is important to constantly monitor the antibody protection in the population, and the assay described here could be a valid tool for this purpose.

Pratiques Endogènes De La Culture Des Mangues Locales (Mangifera Indica L, Anacardiaceae) Dans Les Départements Du Noun Et De La Lékié Au Cameroun

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation des mangues locales et de la perception endogène des pratiques culturales associées. Cette étude a été menée entre mars et juin 2020, dans les Départements du Noun et de la Lékié, dans onze (11) villages à fort potentiel de manguiers. L’enquête s’est faite par administration des questionnaires et par des observations directes auprès de 300 producteurs de mangues locales. Il en ressort que les producteurs sont en majorité des hommes (82,66%) mariés, de plus de 50 ans (59,3%), de niveau primaire (60%) pour le Noun et secondaire (59,3%) pour la Lékié. Les surfaces exploitées sont de moins de 1000 m2, localisées au bord de leurs concessions. Dans les deux Départements, l’itinéraire technique telle que recommandée par les experts n’est pas respecté et les techniques de récolte pratiquées sont inappropriées. Elles se font soit par la grimpe, la secousse de l’arbre ou l’utilisation des crochets. Les fruits récoltés sont mal conditionnés et vendus dans les différents contenants. L’anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) et la chute de fruits immatures sévissent dans les vergers. Huit variétés locales ont été identifiées. Pour une bonne production des mangues locales dans le Noun et la Lékié il est important pour les producteurs d’améliorer leur capacité, d’utiliser les variétés locales greffées et de se former en techniques de conservation des mangues. This study is part of the valorisation of local mangoes and the endogenous perception of associated cultivation practices. This study was carried out between March and June 2020, in the Noun and Lékié Divisions, in eleven (11) villages with high potential for mango trees. The survey was carried out by administering questionnaires and by direct observations with 300 local mango producers. It appears that the majority of producers are married men (82.66%), over 50 (59.3%), primary (60%) for the Noun and secondary (59.3%) for the Lékié. The areas exploited are less than 1000 m2, located at the edge of their concessions. In both Divisions, the technical itinerary as recommended by the experts is not followed and the harvesting techniques practiced are inappropriate. They are done either by climbing, shaking the tree or using the hooks. The harvested fruits are poorly packaged and sold in the various containers. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) and immature fruit drop are rampant in orchards. Eight local varieties have been identified. For a good production of local mangoes in Noun and Lékié it is important for producers to improve their capacity, to use grafted local varieties and to be trained in mango conservation techniques.

production and productivity of spices in dimapur and kohima districts of nagaland

With the increasing population of Nagaland, the demand and supply for consumption had also increased. The population of Nagaland in 2020 was recorded as 2.19 million. Also, Nagaland been in a mountainous side with a very good climatic conditions to grow diversified crops and plants among them are also spices. With the growing of spices, it can also generate employment opportunities. The study had revealed that the spices grown are not only used for flavoring and seasoning of food but also used as home remedies for different purposes. It had shown that in Dimapur district among the major spices grown the production of turmeric had a very good increase in production of 4555 MT in 2010-2018. Followed by garlic 130 M. T in 2010-2018.Likewise in Kohima district cardamon and Naga king chili had a very good production. The production of cardamom had increased by 70 M T in 2010 to 2013 and Naga king chili to 513 M.T in 2010 to 2013. The Net area sown had also increased by 21363 hectares in between 2010 to 2018. The paper has tried to find production, productivity, and trends of growth of major spices in Dimapur and Kohima districts of the State.

Ozone Production with High Voltage in a Mixed Core Mesh Coil

The ozone is a gas composed by three molecules of oxygen which has a great oxidative capacity. This gas can be generated by a nucleus with two electrodes through high voltage in a phenomenon known as corona effect. Actually the conventional nucleus of ozone generators use plane electrodes with a dielectric in the middle of both. A nucleus composed by a mixed ionizador (coil and mesh) is presented as an alternative for an ozone machine in order to take advantage of the individual benefits of each electrode due to its shape and efficiency. A solenoid acts better without dielectric, reducing the consumption, and a mesh improves the air flux. As a result, there is a good production of ozone using this combination of electrodes. However, there are no studies that demonstrate that it is possible to use different types of electrodes in the same ionizador, for this reason in this study will be detected the production of ozone by corona effect in the proposed nucleus and will be approximated its concentration in a closed volume. Keywords: Ozone, corona effect, high voltage, generator, ionization. Resumen El ozono es un gas compuesto por tres moléculas de oxígeno que tiene una gran capacidad oxidativa. Este gas puede ser generado en un núcleo con dos electrodos mediante el uso de altos voltajes en un fenómeno conocido como efecto corona. Actualmente los núcleos de los generadores de ozono convencionales utilizan electrodos planos con un dieléctrico en medio de ellos. Un núcleo compuesto por un ionizador mixto (bobina y malla) se presenta como una alternativa para un ozonificador, con el fin de aprovechar las ventajas individuales de cada electrodo debido a su forma y eficiencia. Un solenoide actúa mejor sin dieléctrico, disminuyendo el consumo, y una malla mejora el flujo de aire. Lo que resulta en una buena producción de ozono utilizando esta combinación de electrodos. Sin embargo, no existen estudios anteriores que demuestran que se puede utilizar diferentes tipos de electrodos en un mismo ionizador, por esta razón en el presente estudio se detectará la producción de ozono por efecto corona en el núcleo mixto propuesto y aproximamos su concentración en un volumen cerrado. Palabras Clave: Ozono, efecto corona, alto voltaje, generador, ionización.

Review on Controlling and Monitoring of Irrigation System in IOT based smart Agriculture

Internet of things is a unique worldwide network that can sense and interact with the environment by means of the internet for the communication and interaction between user and other system. Agriculture plays an important role in the growth of a country like India. As population increases day by day, there is a demand of more food. To get good production in fields, irrigation is necessary for healthy crop. Irrigation is also necessary for the soaking up of nutrients by plants from the soil and improves food security. In our country, India many farmers still use the traditional methods of farming. In India most of the irrigation systems are manually operated by farmers. Farmer suffers from irrigation problem due to improper water utilization, erosion and cutting of cannels. These outdated techniques can be replaced with automated techniques using IOT. In IOT based smart agriculture a system is built for controlling and monitoring the crop fields with the help of sensors and automating the irrigation system. Smart agriculture includes smart irrigation based on accurate real time field data like moisture in soil, environment temperature and water level. This system is used to avoid the direct human intervention while implementing the low cost sensors and Internet of things (IOT).

​Production Techniques for the Cultivation of Onions

The present article is giving the information of onion cultivation. By using this method of cultivation, it is possible to get good production in the field. Under this given the information of preparation of field, Varieites, irrigation, storage information and pest control.

Optimal strategy for public good production is set by balancing intertemporal trade-off between population growth rate and carrying capacity

Public goods are biomolecules that contribute to the community welfare. Their production can benefit populations in many ways, such as by providing access to previously unutilized resources. However, public good production has often been energetically costly, resulting in a reduction in the cellular growth rate. To reduce this cost, populations have evolved strategies to regulate biosynthesis of public good. Among these cell densities dependent regulation of public goods, as accomplished by quorum sensing, is a widely studied mechanism. Given that the fitness costs and benefits of public good production must be balanced, adoption of quorum sensing as a regulatory pathway by bacterial cells may have parallels with several economic principles that are used to study optimal investment decisions. Here, we explore the regulation of a public good, whose benefit is an increase in the carrying capacity, through experimental measurements of growth for engineered strains of Escherichia coli and analysis of those results using a modified logistic growth model. By varying the cell density at which the production of the public good was activated, we showed sharply-peaked optimum population fitness. Analysis further revealed that cell density associated with maximum public good benefits was determined by the trade-off between the cost of public good production, in terms of reduced growth rate, and benefits received from public good, in the form of increased carrying capacity. Moreover, our model showed that cells with luxRI quorum sensing seem to upregulate public good expression when the benefits from the production was immediate. These results demonstrate a case where a biological system apparently has evolved to optimize the timing of public good production to account for short-term costs and delays in reaping a future benefit.