The State in Historical Perspective

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State

Party and Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The book integrates philosophical, historical, and empirical analyses in order to highlight the profound roots of the limited legitimation of parties in contemporary society. Political parties’ long attempts to gain legitimacy are analysed from a philosophical–historical perspective pinpointing crucial passages in their theoretical and empirical acceptance. The book illustrates the process through which parties first emerged and then achieved full legitimacy in the early twentieth century. It shows how, paradoxically, their role became absolute in the totalitarian regimes of the interwar period when the party became hyper-powerful. In the post-war period, parties shifted from a golden age of positive reception and organizational development towards a more difficult relationship with society as it moved into post-industrialism. Parties were unable to master societal change and favoured the state to recover resources they were no longer able to extract from their constituencies. Parties have become richer and more powerful, but they have ‘paid’ for their pervasive presence in society and the state with a declining legitimacy. The party today is caught in a dramatic contradiction. It has become a sort of Leviathan with clay feet: very powerful thanks to the resources it gets from the state and to its control of societal and state spheres due to an extension of clientelistic and patronage practices; but very weak in terms of legitimacy and confidence in the eyes of the mass public. However, it is argued that there is still no alternative to the party, and some hypotheses to enhance party democracy are advanced.

Managing risk, the state and political economy in historical perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-425
Author(s):  
Ken McDonagh ◽  
Yee-Kuang Heng
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Managing Risk

scholarly journals Territory, enclosure, and state territorial mode of production in the Russian imperial periphery

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vera Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Politics ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Mode Of Production

Abstract. After the imperial land consolidation acts of 1906, the Russian land commune became a center of territorial struggle where complex alliances of actors, strategies, and representations of territory enacted land enclosure beyond the exclusive control of the state. Using original documentation of Russian imperial land deals obtained in the federal and municipal archives, this study explores how the Russian imperial state and territories in the periphery were dialectically co-produced not only through institutional manipulations, educational programs, and resettlement plans but also through political and public discourses. This paper examines how coalitions of landed nobility and land surveyors, landless serfs, and peasant proprietors used enclosure as conduits for property violence, accumulation of capital, or, in contrast, as a means of territorial autonomy. Through this example, I bring a territorial dimension into Russian agrarian scholarship by positioning the rural politics of the late imperial period within the global context of capitalist land enclosure. At the same time, by focusing on the reading of territory from the Russian historical perspective, I introduce complexity into the modern territory discourse often found in Western political geographic interpretations.

The No-Man’s-Land of Language

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Language And Ideology ◽  
State Of Israel

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine the lives and afterlives of Arabic and Hebrew in Israeli literature, culture, and society. Hebrew is the spiritual, historical, and ideological cornerstone of the State of Israel, and Hebrew literature, having accompanied the national project from its inception, is an integral part of Israeli society. Yet in its broader geopolitical context, Hebrew is the language of a small state that views itself as an embattled island in a hostile Arabic-language sea. The book presents an alternative story of the evolution of language and ideology in the Jewish state. It takes a long historical perspective, beginning not in 1948 with the foundation of the state but rather at the turn of the century, with the early days of Zionist settlement in Palestine. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.

Old State, New Society: Indonesia's New Order in Comparative Historical Perspective

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict R. O'G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
New Order ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Postcolonial States ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The author of this article argues that the paradox of postcolonial states pursuing internal and external policies remarkably similar to those of their colonial predecessors, despite the passage from colonialism to independence, is best resolved by focusing on the distinct, long-standing, institutional interests of the state-qua-state. It is these interests that make explicable the key policies of Suharto's New Order toward economic development, the Chinese minority, participatory organizations, and internal and external security. The author analyzes the nature and growth of the Dutch colonial state, its decline and near-collapse between 1942 (Japanese invasion) and 1965 (downfall of Sukarno's Guided Democracy), and its revival under ex-colonial sergeant Suharto.

On the aerodynamics of the Miles M.52 (E.24/43) – a historical perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (1153) ◽  
pp. 125-156
Author(s):  
B. J. Brinkworth
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Test Programme ◽  
Extensive Test ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Engine Development

AbstractThe aerodynamic design of the Miles M.52 experimental supersonic aircraft is reviewed relative to the state of knowledge at its time of 1943 – 1946. Drawing on widely-ranging material, much not previously published, this study enlarges upon, and in places amends, previous accounts of the project.Based on advice collated from the fields of aerodynamics and ballistics, Miles conceived an original and forward-looking design, backed by an extensive test programme. Novel solutions to new requirements in the areas of structures and systems provided a robust airframe, showing fair prospects of being stable and controllable throughout the specified flight envelope. An equally innovative power plant was devised for it by Whittle’s company, Power Jets Ltd.Contradictory predictions of its performance were made by Miles and the RAE, through differences in their estimations of fuselage drag. A new evaluation suggests that the available information would have shown the aircraft to be capable of providing vital aerodynamic data for the transonic and early supersonic regimes at a time when no other sources were available, though further engine development would be needed for it to reach its full potential.

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