Indian physicians and public health challenges

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. Many prevalent measures have been taken to prevent its spread and protect the public. However, the use of face coverings as an effective preventive measure remains contentious. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of face coverings as a protective measure. We examined the effectiveness of face coverings between 1 April and 31 December 2020. This was accomplished by analyzing trends of daily new COVID-19 cases, cumulative confirmed cases, and cases per 100,000 people in different U.S. states, including the District of Columbia. The results indicated a sharp change in trends after face covering mandates. For the 32 states with face covering mandates, 63% and 66% exhibited a downward trend in confirmed cases within 21 and 28 days of implementation, respectively. We estimated that face covering mandates in the 32 states prevented approximately 78,571 and 109,703 cases within 21- and 28-day periods post face covering mandate, respectively. A statistically significant (p = 0.001) negative correlation (−0.54) was observed between the rate of cases and days since the adoption of a face covering mandate. We concluded that the use of face coverings can provide necessary protection if they are properly used.

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Contradictions in the promotion of publishing academic and scientific journal articles, and the inability to cope with the new coronavirus (COVID-19)

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-021-00884-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rostam Jalali ◽

Amin Hosseinian-Far ◽

Masoud Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Public Health Challenges ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Nih Roadmap

Abstract Background Translating research into practice is a central priority within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap. The underlying aim of the NIH Roadmap is to accelerate the movement of scientific findings into practical health care provisions through translational research. Main text Despite the advances in health sciences, emerging infectious diseases have become more frequent in recent decades. Furthermore, emerging and reemerging pathogens have led to several global public health challenges. A question, and to an extent a concern, arises from this: Why our health care system is experiencing several challenges in encountering the coronavirus outbreak, despite the ever-growing advances in sciences, and the exponential rise in the number of published articles in the first quartile journals and even the ones among the top 1%? Conclusion Two responses could be potentially provided to the above question: First, there seems to be a significant gap between our theoretical knowledge and practice. And second that many scholars and scientists publish papers only to have a longer list of publications, and therefore publishing is viewed as a personal objective, rather than for improving communities’ public health.

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UpdatedGin Laneexemplifies modern day public health challenges

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.i5758 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. i5758 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ingrid Torjesen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Challenges

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15.2 Legal and Public Health Challenges Facing Refugee Children

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.091 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. S23

Author(s):

John Thomas

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Refugee Children ◽

Public Health Challenges

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Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2475067 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 324

Author(s):

Sirijan Santajit ◽

Nitaya Indrawattana

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Drug Usage ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Public Health Challenges ◽

Eskape Pathogens

The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andEnterobacterspecies) are the leading cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Most of them are multidrug resistant isolates, which is one of the greatest challenges in clinical practice. Multidrug resistance is amongst the top three threats to global public health and is usually caused by excessive drug usage or prescription, inappropriate use of antimicrobials, and substandard pharmaceuticals. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of these bacteria is crucial for the development of novel antimicrobial agents or other alternative tools to combat these public health challenges. Greater mechanistic understanding would also aid in the prediction of underlying or even unknown mechanisms of resistance, which could be applied to other emerging multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, we summarize the known antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens.

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Do Black Lives Matter in the American Public’s Mitigation Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mask Wearing and Racial/ethnic Disparities in Deaths from COVID-19 in the United States

10.21203/rs.3.rs-445021/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Berkeley Franz ◽

Adrienne Milner ◽

Jomills H. Braddock

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Residential Segregation ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Challenges ◽

History Of ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background: Anti-black and anti-Hispanic attitudes in the U.S. must be included in efforts to understand resistance to public health measures, such as mask wearing, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the structural and individual context of racism will enable us to improve public health and better prepare for future public health challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mask usage, racial segregation, and racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths.Methods: We used linear regression to assess whether the racial/ethnic composition of deaths and residential segregation predicted Americans’ decisions to wear masks in July 2020. Results: After controlling for mask mandates, mask usage increased when the White death rates relative to Black and Hispanic rates increased. Conclusions: Mask wearing may be shaped by an insensitivity to Black and Hispanic deaths and a corresponding unwillingness to engage in health protective behaviors. The broader history of systemic racism and residential segregation may also explain why white Americans do not wear masks or perceive themselves to be at risk when communities of color are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.

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Modeling Human Cardiac Arrhythmias: Insights from Zebrafish

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd9010013 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Sébastien Gauvrit ◽

Jaclyn Bossaer ◽

Joyce Lee ◽

Michelle M. Collins

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Adult Zebrafish ◽

Disease Mechanisms ◽

New Models ◽

Public Health Challenges

Cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, is associated with morbidity and mortality and is described as one of the most important future public health challenges. Therefore, developing new models of cardiac arrhythmia is critical for understanding disease mechanisms, determining genetic underpinnings, and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the last few decades, the zebrafish has emerged as an attractive model to reproduce in vivo human cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmias. Here, we highlight the contribution of zebrafish to the field and discuss the available cardiac arrhythmia models. Further, we outline techniques to assess potential heart rhythm defects in larval and adult zebrafish. As genetic tools in zebrafish continue to bloom, this model will be crucial for functional genomics studies and to develop personalized anti-arrhythmic therapies.

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