social labels as a tool for ethical trade*

2017 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Lingayah ◽  
Maya Forstater
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Trade

scholarly journals How large is the global living wage gap and the price increase needed to close it?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-574
Author(s):  
Murray R Hall ◽  
Sangwon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract We estimated the global living wage gap (LWG) as $US674 billion per year, which is comparable to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Switzerland. India (IND), the largest LWG country, contributed 32% of the global LWG. For a pair of jeans, closing the gap increases low-skilled cotton and textile wages in IND by 137% and 52%, respectively, while the retail price would increase only by 8% if consumed in Western countries. However, we found that most of the outputs with large LWGs from low-income countries are consumed domestically, suggesting that (a) closing the gap significantly increases the domestic price of products such as agriculture and textiles in low-income countries; and that (b) living wage premiums in high-income countries alone have a limited impact on closing the global LWG. The results highlight the need for both ethical trade and domestic living wage initiatives to close global LWGs.

scholarly journals Horizontal collaboration in response to modern slavery legislation

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2286-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy V. Benstead ◽  
Linda C. Hendry ◽  
Mark Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Relational Perspective ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Horizontal Collaboration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how horizontal collaboration aids organisations in responding to modern slavery legislation and in gaining a socially sustainable competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach Action research has been conducted in the textiles and fashion industry and a relational perspective adopted to interpret five collaborative initiatives taken to tackle modern slavery (e.g. joint training and supplier audits). The primary engagement has been with a multi-billion pound turnover company and its collaborations with 35 brands/retailers. A non-government organisation and a trade body have also participated. Findings Successful horizontal collaboration is dependent on both relational capital and effective (formal and informal) governance mechanisms. In collaborating, firms have generated relational rents and reduced costs creating a socially sustainable competitive advantage, as suggested by the relational perspective. Yet, limits to horizontal collaboration also exist. Research limitations/implications The focus is on one industry only, hence there is scope to extend the study to other industries or forms of collaboration taking place across industries. Practical implications Successful horizontal collaborative relationships rely on actors having a similar mindset and being able to decouple the commercial and sustainability agendas, especially when direct competitors are involved. Further, working with non-business actors can facilitate collaboration and provide knowledge and resources important for overcoming the uncertainty that is manifest when responding to new legislation. Social implications Social sustainability improvements aim to enhance ethical trade and benefit vulnerable workers. Originality/value Prior literature has focussed on vertical collaboration with few prior studies of horizontal collaboration, particularly in a socially sustainable supply chain context. Moreover, there has been limited research into modern slavery from a supply chain perspective. Both successful and unsuccessful initiatives are studied, providing insights into (in)effective collaboration.

Fair trade and ethical trade: are there moves towards convergence?

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Smith ◽  
Stephanie Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Ethical Trade

Responsible retailing: Regulating fair and ethical trade

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Trade

scholarly journals On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto V. Zicari ◽  
James Brusseau ◽  
Stig Nikolaj Blomberg ◽  
Helle Collatz Christensen ◽  
Megan Coffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Emergency Calls ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Applications Of Ai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health and wellbeing. However, the use of AI in healthcare also brings potential risks that may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments in AI, the High-Level Expert Group on AI set up by the European Commission (EC), recently published ethics guidelines for what it terms “trustworthy” AI. These guidelines are aimed at a variety of stakeholders, especially guiding practitioners toward more ethical and more robust applications of AI. In line with efforts of the EC, AI ethics scholarship focuses increasingly on converting abstract principles into actionable recommendations. However, the interpretation, relevance, and implementation of trustworthy AI depend on the domain and the context in which the AI system is used. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to use the general AI HLEG trustworthy AI guidelines in practice in the healthcare domain. To this end, we present a best practice of assessing the use of machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. The AI system under assessment is currently in use in the city of Copenhagen in Denmark. The assessment is accomplished by an independent team composed of philosophers, policy makers, social scientists, technical, legal, and medical experts. By leveraging an interdisciplinary team, we aim to expose the complex trade-offs and the necessity for such thorough human review when tackling socio-technical applications of AI in healthcare. For the assessment, we use a process to assess trustworthy AI, called 1Z-Inspection® to identify specific challenges and potential ethical trade-offs when we consider AI in practice.

scholarly journals Marks & Spencer

2021 ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Sudhir Rama Murthy ◽  
Mike Barry ◽  
Justine Esta Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
A Company

The case of Marks & Spencer illustrates how a company has used a sustainability scorecard that awards provisional, bronze, silver, and gold ratings to participating suppliers to promote its sustainability programme. The scores are based on environment, human resources and ethical trade, and lean manufacturing. Suppliers undertake self-assessments of the scorecard at least once a year, which are subject to audit and assurance. The programme has delivered substantial savings through waste reduction and environmental efficiency amounting to over £600 million since 2007.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Etika Berdagang Pada Pedagang Muslim Pasar Wonokromo Surabaya (Studi Kasus Pedagang Buah)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Azizaturrohmah ◽  
Imron Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Good Trade ◽  
And Behavior

Trading is a job that is highly recommended in Islam, because the Prophet and the companions also a traders. So it should as a good Muslim in performing daily activities in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet in order to be successful the world and the hereafter included in trade. Ethics of trade was good manners and behavior in the trade so the customers were satisfied.This study aims to determine the understanding of ethical trade in the Muslim traders Wonokromo Market Surabaya. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive case study method. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique. Data collected by means of semi-structured interviews and documentation. Data analysis using descriptive analytical model.The results of this study indicate that generally Muslim traders Wonokromo Markets have understood the ethical trade based on the principle of unity, equilibrium, free will, responsibility and truth in a way that is honest and good trade (do not cheat), provide information to the customer in accordance with reality, appropriately weigh, not hold a fake offers, do not tucking rotten fruit into a nice fruit, and helping others among fellow traders nor traders with collector.

scholarly journals The Dialectics of Care: Communicating Ethical Trade in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Kinga Polynczuk-Alenius
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Raising Awareness

This article is an empirical exploration of how ethical trade organisations draw on and appropriate in their communication the moral repertoire of ethical trade. Theoretically, it employs the notion of the “dialectics of care” to examine the tactics used in ethical trade communication to reconcile care for oneself and one’s close ones with care for distant producers. Empirically, this article is based on the discourse-theoretical analysis of two interviews with the representatives of Polish ethical trade organisations: (1) a fair trade firm, Pizca del Mundo, and (2) an NGO, the Institute for Global Responsibility. The analysis finds that ethical trade organisations seek to harmonise care for distant producers with the interests of the Polish public through (1) embedding it into the discourse of product quality, or (2) linking it to care for oneself, one’s family and society while raising awareness of the global interconnectedness.

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