Chapter IX.43: Regulation of electricity from geothermal heat in Iceland

2021 ◽  
pp. 511-521
Author(s):  
Hilmar Gunnlaugsson
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Heat

scholarly journals Critical Tectonic Limits for Geothermal Aquifer Use: Case Study from the East Slovakian Basin Rim

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Stanislav Jacko ◽  
Roman Farkašovský ◽  
Igor Ďuriška ◽  
Barbora Ščerbáková ◽  
Kristína Bátorová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The North ◽  
Heat System ◽  
Volcanic Chain ◽  
Saline Solutions

The Pannonian basin is a major geothermal heat system in Central Europe. Its peripheral basin, the East Slovakian basin, is an example of a geothermal structure with a linear, directed heat flow ranging from 90 to 100 mW/m2 from west to east. However, the use of the geothermal source is limited by several critical tectono-geologic factors: (a) Tectonics, and the associated disintegration of the aquifer block by multiple deformations during the pre-Paleogene, mainly Miocene, period. The main discontinuities of NW-SE and N-S direction negatively affect the permeability of the aquifer environment. For utilization, minor NE-SW dilatation open fractures are important, which have been developed by sinistral transtension on N–S faults and accelerated normal movements to the southeast. (b) Hydrogeologically, the geothermal structure is accommodated by three water types, namely, Na-HCO3 with 10.9 g·L−1 mineralization (in the north), the Ca-Mg-HCO3 with 0.5–4.5 g·L−1 mineralization (in the west), and Na-Cl water type containing 26.8–33.4 g·L−1 mineralization (in the southwest). The chemical composition of the water is influenced by the Middle Triassic dolomite aquifer, as well as by infiltration of saline solutions and meteoric waters along with open fractures/faults. (c) Geothermally anomalous heat flow of 123–129 °C with 170 L/s total flow near the Slanské vchy volcanic chain seems to be the perspective for heat production.

scholarly journals Scaling in a Geothermal Heat Exchanger at Soultz-Sous-Forêts (Upper Rhine Graben, France): A XRD and SEM-EDS Characterization of Sulfide Precipitates

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Béatrice A. Ledésert ◽  
Ronan L. Hébert ◽  
Justine Mouchot ◽  
Clio Bosia ◽  
Guillaume Ravier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Upper Rhine Graben ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Upper Rhine ◽  
Management Issues

The Soultz-Sous-Forêts geothermal site (France) operates three deep wells for electricity production. During operation, scales precipitate within the surface installation as (Ba, Sr) sulfate and (Pb, As, Sb) sulfide types. Scales have an impact on lowering energy production and inducing specific waste management issues. Thus scaling needs to be reduced for which a thorough characterization of the scales has to be performed. The geothermal brine is produced at 160 °C and reinjected at 70 °C during normal operation. In the frame of the H2020 MEET project, a small heat exchanger was tested in order to allow higher energy production, by reinjecting the geothermal fluid at 40 °C. Samples of scales were analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS, highlighting that mostly galena precipitates and shows various crystal shapes. These shapes can be related to the turbulence of the flow and the speed of crystal growth. Where the flow is turbulent (entrance, water box, exit), crystals grow quickly and mainly show dendritic shape. In the tubes, where the flow is laminar, crystals grow more slowly and some of them are characterized by well-developed faces leading to cubes and derived shapes. The major consequence of the temperature decrease is the increased scaling phenomenon.

Evaluation of heat exchange rate of GHE in geothermal heat pump systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2898-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun ◽  
Zhang Xu ◽  
Gao Jun ◽  
Yang Jie
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Heat Pump

scholarly journals Performance of Hybrid Single Well Enhanced Geothermal System and Solar Energy for Buildings Heating

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Yujiang He ◽  
Xianbiao Bu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal System ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Hybrid Heating ◽  
Single Well

The energy reserves in hot dry rock and hydrothermal systems are abundant in China, however, the developed resources are far below the potential estimates due to immature technology of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and scattered resources of hydrothermal systems. To circumvent these problems and reduce the thermal resistance of rocks, here a shallow depth enhanced geothermal system (SDEGS) is proposed, which can be implemented by fracturing the hydrothermal system. We find that, the service life for SDEGS is 14 years with heat output of 4521.1 kW. To extend service life, the hybrid SDEGS and solar energy heating system is proposed with 10,000 m2 solar collectors installed to store heat into geothermal reservoir. The service life of the hybrid heating system is 35 years with geothermal heat output of 4653.78 kW. The novelty of the present work is that the hybrid heating system can solve the unstable and discontinuous problems of solar energy without building additional back-up sources or seasonal storage equipment, and the geothermal thermal output can be adjusted easily to meet the demand of building thermal loads varying with outside temperature.

scholarly journals Applying Harmonised Geothermal Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines to the Rittershoffen Geothermal Heat Plant

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
Mélanie Douziech ◽  
Lorenzo Tosti ◽  
Nicola Ferrara ◽  
Maria Laura Parisi ◽  
Paula Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Heat production from a geothermal energy source is gaining increasing attention due to its potential contribution to the decarbonization of the European energy sector. Obtaining representative results of the environmental performances of geothermal systems and comparing them with other renewables is of utmost importance in order to ensure an effective energy transition as targeted by Europe. This work presents the outputs of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) performed on the Rittershoffen geothermal heat plant applying guidelines that were developed within the H2020 GEOENVI project. The production of 1 kWhth from the Rittershoffen heat plant was compared to the heat produced from natural gas in Europe. Geothermal heat production performed better than the average heat production in climate change and resource use, fossil categories. The LCA identified the electricity consumption during the operation and maintenance phase as a hot spot for several impact categories. A prospective scenario analysis was therefore performed to assess the evolution of the environmental performances of the Rittershoffen heat plant associated with the future French electricity mixes. The increase of renewable energy shares in the future French electricity mix caused the impact on specific categories (e.g., land use and mineral and metals resource depletion) to grow over the years. However, an overall reduction of the environmental impacts of the Rittershoffen heat plant was observed.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of the carbon intensity of deep geothermal heat systems: A case study from Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair T. McCay ◽  
Michael E.J. Feliks ◽  
Jennifer J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Geothermal Heat
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